Statizoid

Gross national expenditure (constant 2015 US$), per square kilometre by country

Gross national expenditure (constant 2015 US$) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.

Countries reporting
160
Highest
749.48 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
Macau, China
Lowest
4,540 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
Central African Republic
Median
509,617 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
Years covered
63
1961–2023
Data points
7,891

What the numbers show

Gross national expenditure (constant 2015 US$), per square kilometre is currently reported for 160 countries. The highest value is 749.48 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre in Macau, China; the lowest is 4,540 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre in Central African Republic.

The median across all reporting countries is 509,617 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre, and the mean is 10.39 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre.

Over the past decade 148 countries rose and 12 fell. The largest increase was in Vanuatu (up 127.7%), and the largest decrease in Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of (down 76.1%).

Gross national expenditure (constant 2015 US$), per square kilometre: full country ranking

#Country LatestYear 10-year changeTrend
1 Macau, China 749.48 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 down 1.9% rising
2 Singapore 377.50 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 20.8% volatile
3 Bermuda 88.86 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 down 0.8% falling
4 Malta 48.20 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 81.7% rising
5 Bahrain 45.34 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 22.2% rising
6 Netherlands 24.14 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 21.7% rising
7 San Marino 19.79 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 15.4% rising
8 Luxembourg 18.95 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 28.5% rising
9 Israel 18.73 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 47.1% volatile
10 Republic of Korea 18.10 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 31.2% volatile
11 Switzerland 18.06 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 16.8% rising
12 Belgium 16.88 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 16.0% rising
13 Maldives 15.42 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 27.0% rising
14 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 13.61 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 17.9% rising
15 Japan 12.89 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 5.3% rising
16 Qatar 11.76 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2020 up 63.9% volatile
17 Puerto Rico 11.55 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 18.9% rising
18 Germany 10.15 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 15.4% rising
19 Denmark 8.00 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 18.2% rising
20 Mauritius 6.91 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 13.0% volatile
21 Italy 6.69 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 12.2% rising
22 Kuwait 6.62 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 23.2% rising
23 United Arab Emirates 6.24 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 72.9% rising
24 France 5.00 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 13.5% rising
25 Austria 4.87 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 12.1% rising
26 Seychelles 4.84 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 65.0% rising
27 Ireland 4.46 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 86.8% volatile
28 Lebanon 3.83 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 down 34.1% rising
29 Palestine, State of 3.73 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 24.4% rising
30 Cyprus 3.26 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 58.4% rising
31 Czechia 2.70 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 27.2% rising
32 Spain 2.66 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 21.1% rising
33 Bangladesh 2.59 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 82.3% volatile
34 Portugal 2.59 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 25.4% rising
35 United States of America 2.52 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 30.6% rising
36 Slovenia 2.51 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 32.9% rising
37 Dominican Republic 2.24 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 68.5% volatile
38 Brunei Darussalam 2.23 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 down 2.3% rising
39 Slovakia 2.01 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 22.7% rising
40 Poland 1.96 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 40.1% rising
41 Marshall Islands 1.82 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 8.6% rising
42 Greece 1.80 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 20.0% rising
43 China 1.80 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 76.6% volatile
44 Hungary 1.63 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 37.5% rising
45 El Salvador 1.58 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 22.1% rising
46 Philippines 1.56 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 66.2% volatile
47 Sri Lanka 1.41 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 down 4.5% falling
48 Costa Rica 1.37 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 32.4% volatile
49 Bahamas 1.34 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 16.7% rising
50 Sweden 1.34 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 21.3% rising
51 Croatia 1.20 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 32.1% rising
52 Viet Nam 1.19 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 77.9% volatile
53 Norway 1.18 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 18.5% rising
54 Malaysia 1.17 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 55.5% volatile
55 India 1.11 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 76.8% volatile
56 Romania 1.11 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 55.3% rising
57 Tonga 1.07 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 32.1% rising
58 Panama 982,594 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 42.1% rising
59 New Zealand 873,795 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 40.8% rising
60 Guatemala 871,583 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 47.1% volatile
61 Finland 828,787 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 8.3% rising
62 Cuba 816,493 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 8.9% rising
63 Lithuania 791,625 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 32.1% rising
64 Comoros 781,709 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 32.6% rising
65 Palau 749,667 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 7.7% rising
66 Mexico 725,523 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 16.4% rising
67 Serbia 690,272 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 36.8% rising
68 Haiti 677,768 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 10.9% rising
69 Estonia 649,001 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 32.7% rising
70 Kiribati 643,774 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 80.2% rising
71 Cape Verde 638,246 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 36.2% rising
72 Bulgaria 617,915 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 37.1% rising
73 Indonesia 602,824 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 42.2% volatile
74 Albania 599,602 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 28.7% rising
75 Pakistan 589,784 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 55.2% rising
76 Rwanda 576,405 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 77.6% volatile
77 Armenia 569,423 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 31.0% rising
78 North Macedonia 541,939 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 28.4% rising
79 Latvia 538,845 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 28.8% rising
80 Montenegro 518,002 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 54.9% rising
81 Bosnia and Herzegovina 501,232 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 29.3% rising
82 Sao Tome and Principe 488,418 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 29.7% rising
83 Egypt 478,241 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 44.7% volatile
84 Samoa 448,108 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 29.8% rising
85 Ecuador 445,881 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 16.3% volatile
86 Saudi Arabia 410,350 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 38.7% rising
87 Iraq 409,099 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 9.1% rising
88 Chile 396,405 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 22.9% volatile
89 Georgia 362,599 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 62.8% rising
90 Uruguay 360,999 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 9.3% rising
91 Republic of Moldova 357,896 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 21.6% rising
92 Colombia 351,849 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 34.8% volatile
93 Ghana 324,907 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 35.2% rising
94 Equatorial Guinea 323,412 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 down 33.9% flat
95 Tunisia 323,359 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 4.7% volatile
96 Morocco 316,484 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 24.8% volatile
97 Iran, Islamic Republic of 305,564 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 3.0% rising
98 Nepal 305,503 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 61.1% rising
99 South Africa 304,693 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 7.5% volatile
100 Belarus 301,347 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 3.6% rising
101 Honduras 293,649 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 47.9% volatile
102 Oman 265,993 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 10.9% rising
103 Eswatini 262,440 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 18.8% rising
104 Uganda 257,872 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 61.0% volatile
105 Gambia 253,112 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 78.0% rising
106 Côte d'Ivoire 236,468 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 105.3% rising
107 Brazil 231,068 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 down 0.1% rising
108 Iceland 224,674 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 52.6% rising
109 Argentina 223,897 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 2.2% rising
110 Cambodia 215,696 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 63.5% volatile
111 Canada 213,100 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 21.6% rising
112 Togo 208,428 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 84.8% volatile
113 Ukraine 196,358 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 down 6.9% rising
114 Kenya 180,708 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 48.2% volatile
115 Vanuatu 179,884 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 127.7% rising
116 Peru 176,834 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 22.9% volatile
117 Senegal 173,395 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 90.9% volatile
118 Timor-Leste 172,562 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 12.8% rising
119 Sierra Leone 167,549 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 21.2% rising
120 Benin 164,149 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 69.6% volatile
121 Nicaragua 142,187 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 30.0% rising
122 Djibouti 128,029 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 1.3% rising
123 Tajikistan 116,379 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 57.8% rising
124 Lesotho 115,133 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 8.5% volatile
125 Belize 111,686 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 34.5% rising
126 Paraguay 111,537 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 36.8% volatile
127 Angola 107,735 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 20.3% rising
128 Ethiopia 105,887 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 104.6% rising
129 Russian Federation 97,242 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 13.8% rising
130 Algeria 94,816 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 20.1% rising
131 Cameroon 92,520 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 46.2% volatile
132 Yemen 91,256 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2018 down 19.8% rising
133 Kyrgyzstan 89,467 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 87.4% rising
134 Kazakhstan 86,552 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 46.1% volatile
135 Tanzania, United Republic of 83,941 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 62.8% volatile
136 Bhutan 83,115 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 38.8% volatile
137 Lao People's Democratic Republic 77,054 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2016 up 126.9% rising
138 Burkina Faso 67,470 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 55.1% volatile
139 Solomon Islands 66,981 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 41.5% rising
140 Guinea 64,106 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 50.7% rising
141 Guinea-Bissau 63,934 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 67.1% rising
142 Gabon 62,587 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 39.9% volatile
143 Zimbabwe 58,218 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 13.4% rising
144 Bolivia, Plurinational State of 37,686 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 30.5% volatile
145 Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of 33,810 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 down 76.1% volatile
146 Botswana 33,763 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 45.8% volatile
147 Mozambique 32,770 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 21.6% volatile
148 Congo 27,933 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 down 27.2% volatile
149 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 26,064 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 58.9% rising
150 Libya 25,601 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 down 31.1% falling
151 Madagascar 24,900 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 24.5% rising
152 Somalia 22,000 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 85.8% rising
153 Mali 20,507 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 64.4% volatile
154 Namibia 20,366 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 39.1% volatile
155 Niger 13,336 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 71.3% rising
156 Mongolia 12,670 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 47.2% rising
157 Chad 11,998 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 10.7% rising
158 Mauritania 11,140 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 57.4% volatile
159 Greenland 8,128 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 19.4% rising
160 Central African Republic 4,540 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 2023 up 57.4% rising

Regions and income groups

Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.

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Gross national expenditure (constant 2015 US$), per square kilometre by country. Statizoid, drawing on Statizoid (derived). Retrieved 09 September 2026, from https://economy.statizoid.com/stat/gross-national-expenditure-constant-2015-us-per-square-kilometre/

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How this figure is calculated

Gross national expenditure (constant 2015 US$) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.

Gross national expenditure (constant 2015 US$) ÷ Land area (sq. km)

Computed from

  • Gross national expenditure Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks
  • Land area FAOSTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.

About this data

Indicator
Gross national expenditure (constant 2015 US$), per square kilometre
Unit
constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
Source
Statizoid (derived)
Licence
Derived by Statizoid from the sources named on the page
Coverage
201 places, 7,891 data points, 1961–2023
Last refreshed

Gross national expenditure (constant 2015 US$) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.