Gross national expenditure (constant 2015 US$), per square kilometre in Upper middle income

Upper middle income: Gross national expenditure (constant 2015 US$), per square kilometre was 637,108 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre in 2023. ▲ Rising

Latest (2023)
637,108 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
Change on year
up 5.0%
Rank
15th
of 41 groups
All-time high
637,108 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
in 2023
All-time low
147,788 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
in 1998
Years of data
29
1995–2023

Gross national expenditure (constant 2015 US$), per square kilometre in Upper middle income, 1995–2023

100.0k200.0k300.0k400.0k500.0k600.0k1995200920231995: 154.5k constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre1996: 150.7k constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre1997: 156.0k constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre1998: 147.8k constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre1999: 148.2k constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre2000: 153.3k constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre2001: 157.3k constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre2002: 181.0k constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre2003: 176.5k constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre2004: 204.0k constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre2005: 215.1k constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre2006: 237.5k constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre2007: 279.0k constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre2008: 299.7k constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre2009: 319.7k constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre2010: 351.2k constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre2011: 378.4k constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre2012: 400.0k constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre2013: 424.0k constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre2014: 445.1k constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre2015: 460.8k constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre2016: 483.5k constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre2017: 508.8k constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre2018: 536.2k constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre2019: 556.5k constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre2020: 549.6k constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre2021: 586.9k constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre2022: 606.7k constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre2023: 637.1k constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre

Source: Statizoid (derived). Measured in constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre.

Analysis

The most recent figure for gross national expenditure (constant 2015 us$), per square kilometre in Upper middle income is 637,108 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre, measured in 2023. That is the highest value across all 29 years on record.

That represents a change of up 5.0% on the previous year and up 50.3% over ten years.

Over the whole period, gross national expenditure (constant 2015 us$), per square kilometre in Upper middle income peaked at 637,108 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre in 2023 and was at its lowest, 147,788 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre, in 1998.

That places Upper middle income 15th out of 41 groups with data for 2023, putting it in the middle of the range.

The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 29 years of available data.

Gross national expenditure (constant 2015 US$), per square kilometre in Upper middle income, year by year

Annual values for Gross national expenditure (constant 2015 US$), per square kilometre in Upper middle income, 1995 to 2023.
Year constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre Change
1995 154,503 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
1996 150,672 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre -2.5%
1997 155,981 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre +3.5%
1998 147,788 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre -5.3%
1999 148,168 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre +0.3%
2000 153,318 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre +3.5%
2001 157,288 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre +2.6%
2002 180,969 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre +15.1%
2003 176,520 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre -2.5%
2004 203,972 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre +15.6%
2005 215,129 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre +5.5%
2006 237,521 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre +10.4%
2007 279,039 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre +17.5%
2008 299,680 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre +7.4%
2009 319,748 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre +6.7%
2010 351,215 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre +9.8%
2011 378,414 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre +7.7%
2012 400,045 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre +5.7%
2013 423,975 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre +6.0%
2014 445,144 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre +5.0%
2015 460,780 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre +3.5%
2016 483,539 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre +4.9%
2017 508,786 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre +5.2%
2018 536,183 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre +5.4%
2019 556,492 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre +3.8%
2020 549,634 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre -1.2%
2021 586,906 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre +6.8%
2022 606,674 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre +3.4%
2023 637,108 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre +5.0%

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
1990s 151,422 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 147,788 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 155,981 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 5
2000s 222,318 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 153,318 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 319,748 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 10
2010s 454,457 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 351,215 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 556,492 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 10
2020s 595,080 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 549,634 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 637,108 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre 4

Countries ranked near Upper middle income

  1. 12 Belgium 16.88 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre compare
  2. 13 Maldives 15.42 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre compare
  3. 14 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 13.61 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre compare
  4. 15 Japan 12.89 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre compare
  5. 16 Qatar 11.76 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre compare
  6. 17 Puerto Rico 11.55 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre compare
  7. 18 Germany 10.15 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre compare

See the full ranking of 201 places →

More economy & growth data for Upper middle income

All data for Upper middle income →

Frequently asked questions

What is gross national expenditure (constant 2015 us$), per square kilometre in Upper middle income?
Gross national expenditure (constant 2015 us$), per square kilometre in Upper middle income was 637,108 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre in 2023, according to Statizoid (derived).
What is the highest gross national expenditure (constant 2015 us$), per square kilometre recorded in Upper middle income?
The highest recorded value was 637,108 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre in 2023.
What is the lowest gross national expenditure (constant 2015 us$), per square kilometre recorded in Upper middle income?
The lowest recorded value was 147,788 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre in 1998.
How does Upper middle income rank for gross national expenditure (constant 2015 us$), per square kilometre?
Upper middle income ranks 15th out of 41 groups with data for 2023.
Is gross national expenditure (constant 2015 us$), per square kilometre rising or falling in Upper middle income?
Over the last ten years it is up 50.3%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
Where does this Upper middle income data come from?
The figures come from Statizoid (derived), published as part of Gross national expenditure (constant 2015 US$), per square kilometre. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

Download this data

CSV · JSON — 29 observations, free to reuse under Derived by Statizoid from the sources named on the page.

Share, cite or embed this page

Cite this page

Gross national expenditure (constant 2015 US$), per square kilometre in Upper middle income. Statizoid, drawing on Statizoid (derived). Retrieved 08 September 2026, from https://economy.statizoid.com/stat/gross-national-expenditure-constant-2015-us-per-square-kilometre/upper-middle-income/

Embed or link this data

Paste this into a page to link back to these figures. The data itself is free to reuse under Derived by Statizoid from the sources named on the page; please keep the attribution.

<a href="https://economy.statizoid.com/stat/gross-national-expenditure-constant-2015-us-per-square-kilometre/upper-middle-income/">Gross national expenditure (constant 2015 US$), per square kilometre in Upper middle income</a> — Statizoid

How this figure is calculated

Gross national expenditure (constant 2015 US$) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.

Gross national expenditure (constant 2015 US$) ÷ Land area (sq. km)

Computed from

Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.

About this data

Indicator
Gross national expenditure (constant 2015 US$), per square kilometre
Unit
constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
Source
Statizoid (derived)
Licence
Derived by Statizoid from the sources named on the page
Coverage
201 places, 7,891 data points, 1961–2023
Last refreshed

Gross national expenditure (constant 2015 US$) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.