Adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage (% of GNI) by country
Cost of damage due to carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel use and the manufacture of cement, estimated to be US$40 per ton of CO2 (the unit damage in 2017 US dollars for CO2 emitted in 2020) times the number of tons of CO2 emitted. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross National Income (GNI)...
Countries reporting
203
Highest
9.9%
Syria
Lowest
0.1%
Puerto Rico
Median
1.3%
Years covered
52
1970–2021
Data points
7,576
What the numbers show
Adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage (% of GNI) is currently reported for 203 countries. The highest value is 9.9% in Syria; the lowest is 0.1% in Puerto Rico.
The median across all reporting countries is 1.3%, and the mean is 1.9%.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 127.
Over the past decade 160 countries rose and 42 fell. The largest increase was in Greenland (up 15,430.6%), and the largest decrease in Djibouti (down 60.7%).
Adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Syria | 9.9% | 2020 | up 1,232.7% | volatile |
| 2 | Iran, Islamic Republic of | 8.6% | 2021 | up 228.1% | rising |
| 3 | Mongolia | 7.4% | 2021 | up 49.8% | falling |
| 4 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 7.2% | 2021 | up 550.3% | volatile |
| 5 | Uzbekistan | 7.2% | 2021 | up 14.4% | volatile |
| 6 | Turkmenistan | 6.8% | 2019 | down 10.7% | falling |
| 7 | Libya | 6.1% | 2021 | up 132.4% | rising |
| 8 | Tajikistan | 5.6% | 2021 | up 506.1% | volatile |
| 9 | Kyrgyzstan | 5.4% | 2021 | up 32.3% | falling |
| 10 | Kazakhstan | 5.0% | 2021 | up 13.5% | falling |
| 11 | Algeria | 4.9% | 2021 | up 169.8% | rising |
| 12 | Viet Nam | 4.8% | 2021 | up 74.6% | rising |
| 13 | South Africa | 4.6% | 2021 | up 70.1% | rising |
| 14 | Russian Federation | 4.4% | 2021 | up 72.3% | falling |
| 15 | Lebanon | 4.4% | 2021 | up 175.8% | rising |
| 16 | Oman | 4.3% | 2021 | up 96.5% | rising |
| 17 | Kosovo | 4.2% | 2021 | up 6.1% | rising |
| 18 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 4.1% | 2021 | up 9.2% | rising |
| 19 | Bahrain | 4.1% | 2020 | up 28.9% | flat |
| 20 | Palau | 4.1% | 2021 | up 38.1% | rising |
| 21 | Suriname | 4.0% | 2021 | up 186.1% | volatile |
| 22 | Belarus | 3.9% | 2021 | up 37.4% | falling |
| 23 | Ukraine | 3.7% | 2021 | down 30.0% | falling |
| 24 | Serbia | 3.5% | 2021 | up 8.0% | falling |
| 25 | India | 3.4% | 2021 | up 18.7% | rising |
| 26 | Iraq | 3.4% | 2021 | up 89.0% | volatile |
| 27 | Cambodia | 3.3% | 2021 | up 154.2% | rising |
| 28 | Azerbaijan | 3.1% | 2021 | up 136.8% | volatile |
| 29 | Egypt | 3.0% | 2021 | up 12.7% | rising |
| 30 | Guyana | 3.0% | 2021 | up 102.7% | falling |
| 31 | Saudi Arabia | 2.9% | 2020 | up 22.9% | rising |
| 32 | Sudan | 2.9% | 2021 | up 349.1% | volatile |
| 33 | Malaysia | 2.9% | 2021 | up 40.2% | rising |
| 34 | Marshall Islands | 2.8% | 2021 | up 40.7% | rising |
| 35 | Republic of Moldova | 2.8% | 2021 | up 1.9% | volatile |
| 36 | Tunisia | 2.8% | 2021 | up 64.7% | rising |
| 37 | Georgia | 2.8% | 2021 | up 112.4% | volatile |
| 38 | Myanmar | 2.8% | 2021 | up 458.8% | falling |
| 39 | Trinidad and Tobago | 2.8% | 2021 | down 6.3% | falling |
| 40 | China | 2.7% | 2021 | down 25.8% | falling |
| 41 | Pakistan | 2.6% | 2021 | up 30.5% | rising |
| 42 | Congo | 2.5% | 2021 | up 123.3% | falling |
| 43 | Jamaica | 2.5% | 2021 | up 56.6% | falling |
| 44 | North Macedonia | 2.5% | 2021 | down 8.3% | falling |
| 45 | Mozambique | 2.5% | 2021 | up 256.0% | volatile |
| 46 | Bolivia, Plurinational State of | 2.5% | 2021 | up 14.8% | flat |
| 47 | Kuwait | 2.4% | 2019 | up 28.8% | rising |
| 48 | Jordan | 2.4% | 2021 | up 15.5% | falling |
| 49 | Türkiye | 2.4% | 2021 | up 113.7% | rising |
| 50 | Timor-Leste | 2.4% | 2021 | up 1,389.6% | volatile |
| 51 | Indonesia | 2.4% | 2021 | up 45.5% | falling |
| 52 | Equatorial Guinea | 2.3% | 2021 | up 7.8% | volatile |
| 53 | Qatar | 2.3% | 2021 | up 75.6% | falling |
| 54 | American Samoa | 2.3% | 1985 | up 6.8% | falling |
| 55 | Thailand | 2.3% | 2021 | up 17.3% | rising |
| 56 | Botswana | 2.2% | 2021 | up 190.5% | rising |
| 57 | Brunei Darussalam | 2.2% | 2021 | up 84.6% | rising |
| 58 | Morocco | 2.2% | 2021 | up 29.8% | rising |
| 59 | Benin | 2.1% | 2021 | up 65.0% | volatile |
| 60 | United Arab Emirates | 2.1% | 2020 | up 32.0% | rising |
| 61 | Bulgaria | 2.1% | 2021 | down 21.6% | falling |
| 62 | Bhutan | 2.0% | 2021 | up 92.0% | rising |
| 63 | Nepal | 2.0% | 2021 | up 182.3% | rising |
| 64 | Seychelles | 2.0% | 2021 | up 62.9% | rising |
| 65 | Poland | 2.0% | 2021 | up 9.0% | falling |
| 66 | Maldives | 2.0% | 2021 | up 61.8% | rising |
| 67 | Armenia | 2.0% | 2021 | up 39.0% | volatile |
| 68 | Micronesia, Federated States of | 1.9% | 2021 | up 72.4% | rising |
| 69 | Aruba | 1.9% | 2021 | up 20.0% | rising |
| 70 | Mauritania | 1.9% | 2021 | up 70.4% | rising |
| 71 | Nicaragua | 1.9% | 2021 | up 26.3% | falling |
| 72 | Senegal | 1.9% | 2021 | up 46.7% | rising |
| 73 | Zimbabwe | 1.8% | 2021 | down 33.6% | volatile |
| 74 | Zambia | 1.8% | 2021 | up 334.4% | flat |
| 75 | Yemen | 1.8% | 2018 | down 32.2% | falling |
| 76 | Montenegro | 1.8% | 2021 | up 6.4% | falling |
| 77 | Liberia | 1.8% | 2021 | up 57.1% | rising |
| 78 | Honduras | 1.7% | 2021 | up 11.1% | rising |
| 79 | Angola | 1.7% | 2021 | up 140.5% | volatile |
| 80 | Samoa | 1.6% | 2021 | up 92.2% | rising |
| 81 | Mali | 1.6% | 2021 | up 115.0% | volatile |
| 82 | New Caledonia | 1.6% | 2000 | up 109.9% | rising |
| 83 | Ecuador | 1.6% | 2021 | up 11.4% | flat |
| 84 | Argentina | 1.6% | 2021 | up 53.9% | rising |
| 85 | Philippines | 1.6% | 2021 | up 64.7% | rising |
| 86 | Tonga | 1.5% | 2021 | up 95.8% | rising |
| 87 | Namibia | 1.5% | 2021 | up 82.0% | rising |
| 88 | Republic of Korea | 1.5% | 2021 | up 5.3% | rising |
| 89 | Mexico | 1.5% | 2021 | up 21.0% | rising |
| 90 | Fiji | 1.5% | 2021 | up 64.3% | rising |
| 91 | Czechia | 1.5% | 2021 | down 5.3% | falling |
| 92 | Chile | 1.4% | 2021 | up 44.9% | rising |
| 93 | Burkina Faso | 1.4% | 2021 | up 120.8% | volatile |
| 94 | Gambia | 1.4% | 2021 | up 43.3% | rising |
| 95 | Cape Verde | 1.4% | 2021 | up 46.3% | rising |
| 96 | Burundi | 1.4% | 2021 | up 185.1% | volatile |
| 97 | Madagascar | 1.4% | 2021 | up 138.3% | rising |
| 98 | Mauritius | 1.4% | 2021 | up 45.7% | rising |
| 99 | Dominican Republic | 1.4% | 2021 | up 22.0% | flat |
| 100 | Guinea | 1.4% | 2021 | up 14.9% | rising |
| 101 | Sao Tome and Principe | 1.3% | 2021 | up 4.2% | flat |
| 102 | Papua New Guinea | 1.3% | 2021 | up 39.8% | rising |
| 103 | Canada | 1.3% | 2021 | up 37.6% | rising |
| 104 | El Salvador | 1.3% | 2021 | up 24.5% | rising |
| 105 | Sri Lanka | 1.3% | 2021 | up 85.3% | rising |
| 106 | Ghana | 1.3% | 2021 | up 37.9% | rising |
| 107 | Gabon | 1.3% | 2021 | up 15.5% | falling |
| 108 | Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 1.3% | 2014 | down 55.2% | falling |
| 109 | Brazil | 1.3% | 2021 | up 158.4% | rising |
| 110 | Comoros | 1.3% | 2021 | up 188.1% | volatile |
| 111 | Antigua and Barbuda | 1.2% | 2021 | down 14.6% | rising |
| 112 | Albania | 1.2% | 2021 | up 10.2% | volatile |
| 113 | Nigeria | 1.2% | 2021 | up 70.5% | volatile |
| 114 | Cyprus | 1.2% | 2021 | up 52.5% | flat |
| 115 | Afghanistan | 1.2% | 2021 | down 16.6% | flat |
| 116 | Peru | 1.2% | 2021 | up 33.3% | rising |
| 117 | Saint Lucia | 1.2% | 2021 | up 6.9% | rising |
| 118 | Togo | 1.2% | 2021 | down 34.3% | rising |
| 119 | Kiribati | 1.2% | 2021 | up 101.3% | rising |
| 120 | Colombia | 1.2% | 2021 | up 85.2% | falling |
| 121 | Dominica | 1.2% | 2021 | up 8.2% | rising |
| 122 | Greece | 1.2% | 2021 | up 29.3% | rising |
| 123 | Naoero | 1.2% | 2021 | down 20.3% | falling |
| 124 | Lesotho | 1.2% | 2021 | up 112.8% | rising |
| 125 | Grenada | 1.2% | 2021 | down 5.4% | rising |
| 126 | Belize | 1.2% | 2021 | up 0.9% | rising |
| 127 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 1.2% | 2021 | up 1.8% | rising |
| 128 | Guatemala | 1.2% | 2021 | up 51.3% | rising |
| 129 | Estonia | 1.2% | 2021 | down 53.1% | falling |
| 130 | Hungary | 1.1% | 2021 | up 10.9% | falling |
| 131 | Slovakia | 1.1% | 2021 | up 7.3% | falling |
| 132 | Australia | 1.1% | 2021 | up 28.5% | falling |
| 133 | Eswatini | 1.1% | 2021 | up 153.4% | rising |
| 134 | Romania | 1.1% | 2021 | down 16.5% | volatile |
| 135 | Paraguay | 1.1% | 2021 | up 119.3% | falling |
| 136 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 1.0% | 2021 | up 1.1% | rising |
| 137 | Croatia | 1.0% | 2021 | up 13.0% | falling |
| 138 | Bahamas | 1.0% | 2021 | up 33.3% | rising |
| 139 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 1.0% | 2021 | up 25.8% | rising |
| 140 | Cuba | 1.0% | 2019 | down 22.1% | falling |
| 141 | Sierra Leone | 1.0% | 2021 | up 36.1% | rising |
| 142 | Bangladesh | 1.0% | 2021 | down 11.6% | rising |
| 143 | Kenya | 1.0% | 2021 | up 11.1% | falling |
| 144 | Faroe Islands | 1.0% | 2021 | up 30.1% | falling |
| 145 | Cameroon | 1.0% | 2021 | up 48.3% | rising |
| 146 | Slovenia | 1.0% | 2021 | up 5.5% | falling |
| 147 | Chad | 1.0% | 2021 | up 244.1% | rising |
| 148 | Barbados | 0.9% | 2021 | down 22.8% | rising |
| 149 | Vanuatu | 0.9% | 2021 | up 79.3% | rising |
| 150 | Guinea-Bissau | 0.9% | 2021 | up 43.1% | falling |
| 151 | Solomon Islands | 0.9% | 2021 | down 15.2% | rising |
| 152 | Panama | 0.9% | 2021 | down 1.9% | rising |
| 153 | United States of America | 0.9% | 2021 | down 8.5% | falling |
| 154 | Ethiopia | 0.9% | 2021 | up 25.5% | rising |
| 155 | Japan | 0.9% | 2021 | up 56.8% | rising |
| 156 | Tanzania, United Republic of | 0.9% | 2021 | up 21.5% | rising |
| 157 | Eritrea | 0.8% | 2011 | down 54.0% | falling |
| 158 | Uganda | 0.8% | 2021 | up 104.7% | rising |
| 159 | Latvia | 0.8% | 2021 | down 4.7% | falling |
| 160 | Lithuania | 0.8% | 2021 | down 3.3% | falling |
| 161 | Greenland | 0.8% | 2007 | up 15,430.6% | volatile |
| 162 | Côte d'Ivoire | 0.8% | 2021 | up 3.3% | rising |
| 163 | Portugal | 0.8% | 2021 | up 23.0% | rising |
| 164 | Haiti | 0.7% | 2021 | up 13.9% | rising |
| 165 | Palestine, State of | 0.7% | 2021 | up 17.6% | rising |
| 166 | Cayman Islands | 0.7% | 2020 | up 58.5% | rising |
| 167 | Luxembourg | 0.7% | 2021 | down 10.5% | falling |
| 168 | Spain | 0.7% | 2021 | up 19.7% | rising |
| 169 | Belgium | 0.7% | 2021 | up 22.1% | falling |
| 170 | South Sudan | 0.7% | 2015 | — | rising |
| 171 | Niger | 0.6% | 2021 | up 43.5% | rising |
| 172 | Netherlands | 0.6% | 2021 | up 21.8% | flat |
| 173 | Germany | 0.6% | 2021 | up 8.2% | rising |
| 174 | Rwanda | 0.6% | 2021 | up 110.2% | flat |
| 175 | Costa Rica | 0.6% | 2021 | up 14.7% | falling |
| 176 | Italy | 0.6% | 2021 | up 18.6% | rising |
| 177 | New Zealand | 0.6% | 2021 | up 8.5% | falling |
| 178 | Singapore | 0.6% | 2021 | up 21.3% | falling |
| 179 | Austria | 0.6% | 2021 | up 20.8% | rising |
| 180 | Malawi | 0.6% | 2021 | up 60.0% | falling |
| 181 | Israel | 0.6% | 2021 | down 29.1% | falling |
| 182 | Finland | 0.6% | 2021 | down 6.6% | falling |
| 183 | Tuvalu | 0.5% | 2021 | up 0.9% | falling |
| 184 | Uruguay | 0.5% | 2021 | down 0.3% | flat |
| 185 | Bermuda | 0.5% | 2021 | up 37.0% | rising |
| 186 | Central African Republic | 0.5% | 2021 | up 103.2% | rising |
| 187 | Djibouti | 0.5% | 2021 | down 60.7% | falling |
| 188 | Ireland | 0.4% | 2021 | down 22.1% | falling |
| 189 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 0.4% | 2021 | down 13.4% | falling |
| 190 | Somalia | 0.4% | 2021 | down 9.8% | falling |
| 191 | France | 0.4% | 2021 | up 22.2% | rising |
| 192 | Macao | 0.4% | 2021 | up 136.3% | falling |
| 193 | Hong Kong | 0.4% | 2021 | down 28.1% | falling |
| 194 | Malta | 0.4% | 2021 | down 56.5% | falling |
| 195 | French Polynesia | 0.3% | 2000 | up 9.6% | rising |
| 196 | Norway | 0.3% | 2021 | up 34.2% | falling |
| 197 | Denmark | 0.3% | 2021 | down 19.5% | falling |
| 198 | Congo, Democratic Republic of the | 0.3% | 2021 | down 27.2% | falling |
| 199 | Iceland | 0.3% | 2021 | down 40.1% | falling |
| 200 | Sweden | 0.2% | 2021 | down 1.5% | falling |
| 201 | Switzerland | 0.2% | 2021 | up 18.4% | falling |
| 202 | Liechtenstein | 0.1% | 2019 | down 34.9% | falling |
| 203 | Puerto Rico | 0.1% | 2021 | down 29.7% | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (IDA & IBRD) 4.4%
- European Union 0.7%
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income) 4.3%
- Euro area 0.6%
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 3.4%
- Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries) 3.4%
- Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) 3.3%
- South Asia 3.1%
- South Asia (IDA & IBRD) 3.1%
- Arab World 3.0%
- IBRD only 2.8%
- Lower middle income 2.7%
- East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) 2.7%
- East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries) 2.7%
- Early-demographic dividend 2.7%
- IDA & IBRD total 2.7%
- Middle income 2.7%
- Upper middle income 2.7%
- Low & middle income 2.7%
- Late-demographic dividend 2.7%
- Africa Eastern and Southern 2.5%
- East Asia & Pacific 2.2%
- Caribbean Small States 2.1%
- IDA blend 1.9%
- Sub-Saharan Africa 1.9%
- Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries) 1.9%
- Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) 1.9%
- IDA total 1.7%
- World 1.6%
- Pre-demographic dividend 1.5%
- Central Europe and the Baltics 1.5%
- IDA only 1.5%
- Pacific island small states 1.4%
- Least developed countries 1.4%
- Small states 1.4%
- Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) 1.4%
- Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries) 1.4%
- Latin America & Caribbean 1.3%
- Heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC) 1.3%
- Africa Western and Central 1.3%
About this data
Cost of damage due to carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel use and the manufacture of cement, estimated to be US$40 per ton of CO2 (the unit damage in 2017 US dollars for CO2 emitted in 2020) times the number of tons of CO2 emitted. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross National Income (GNI) which is the total income earned by all residents within an economic territory during an accounting period. It is equal to gross domestic product plus earned income receivable from abroad minus earned income payable abroad.