Adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage in Upper middle income
Upper middle income: Adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage was 2.7% in 2021. ▼ Falling
Adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage in Upper middle income, 1990–2021
Source: Staff estimates, World Bank (WB). Measured in % of GNI.
Analysis
Upper middle income recorded 2.7% for adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage in 2021.
Compared with earlier readings it is down 6.7% on the previous year and up 10.8% over ten years.
Over the whole period, adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage in Upper middle income peaked at 3.5% in 2003 and was at its lowest, 2.4%, in 2012.
Upper middle income ranks 16th of 47 groups on this measure, in the middle of the range.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 32 years of available data.
Adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage in Upper middle income, year by year
| Year | % of GNI | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 2.5% | — |
| 1991 | 2.9% | +13.9% |
| 1992 | 2.8% | -2.0% |
| 1993 | 2.9% | +3.5% |
| 1994 | 2.7% | -5.5% |
| 1995 | 2.6% | -3.3% |
| 1996 | 2.5% | -5.0% |
| 1997 | 2.5% | +1.1% |
| 1998 | 2.7% | +7.4% |
| 1999 | 2.9% | +5.0% |
| 2000 | 2.9% | +0.7% |
| 2001 | 3.1% | +8.6% |
| 2002 | 3.4% | +7.9% |
| 2003 | 3.5% | +3.5% |
| 2004 | 3.5% | -1.2% |
| 2005 | 3.4% | -3.0% |
| 2006 | 3.2% | -4.2% |
| 2007 | 2.9% | -8.8% |
| 2008 | 2.6% | -11.4% |
| 2009 | 2.8% | +7.4% |
| 2010 | 2.6% | -8.1% |
| 2011 | 2.4% | -5.9% |
| 2012 | 2.4% | -0.0% |
| 2013 | 2.5% | +1.7% |
| 2014 | 2.5% | +0.2% |
| 2015 | 2.6% | +6.0% |
| 2016 | 2.7% | +3.2% |
| 2017 | 2.6% | -3.0% |
| 2018 | 2.7% | +2.3% |
| 2019 | 2.8% | +4.0% |
| 2020 | 2.9% | +3.3% |
| 2021 | 2.7% | -6.7% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 2.7% | 2.5% | 2.9% | 10 |
| 2000s | 3.1% | 2.6% | 3.5% | 10 |
| 2010s | 2.6% | 2.4% | 2.8% | 10 |
| 2020s | 2.8% | 2.7% | 2.9% | 2 |
Countries ranked near Upper middle income
- 13 South Africa 4.6% compare
- 14 Russian Federation 4.4% compare
- 15 Lebanon 4.4% compare
- 16 Oman 4.3% compare
- 17 Kosovo 4.2% compare
- 17 Kosovo (UNSCR 1244) 4.2% compare
- 19 Bosnia and Herzegovina 4.1% compare
More economy & growth data for Upper middle income
- GDP (constant 2015 US$), per unit of GDP 0.9359 constant 2015 US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Gross capital formation 2.1% (2025)
- Gross capital formation 33.7% (2024)
- Imports of goods and services 7.97 trillion current US$ (2025)
- Imports of goods and services 23.8% (2025)
- External balance on goods and services 2.1% (2025)
- Trade 48.9% (2025)
- GDP (constant 2015 US$), per capita 10,192 constant 2015 US$ per person (2025)
- Industry (including construction), value added 10.57 trillion constant 2015 US$ (2025)
- Industry (including construction), value added 10.96 trillion current US$ (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage in Upper middle income?
- Adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage in Upper middle income was 2.7% in 2021, according to Staff estimates, World Bank (WB).
- What is the highest adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage recorded in Upper middle income?
- The highest recorded value was 3.5% in 2003.
- What is the lowest adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage recorded in Upper middle income?
- The lowest recorded value was 2.4% in 2012.
- How does Upper middle income rank for adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage?
- Upper middle income ranks 16th out of 47 groups with data for 2021.
- Is adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage rising or falling in Upper middle income?
- Over the last ten years it is up 10.8%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this Upper middle income data come from?
- The figures come from Staff estimates, World Bank (WB), published as part of Adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage (% of GNI). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 32 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data).
About this data
Cost of damage due to carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel use and the manufacture of cement, estimated to be US$40 per ton of CO2 (the unit damage in 2017 US dollars for CO2 emitted in 2020) times the number of tons of CO2 emitted. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross National Income (GNI) which is the total income earned by all residents within an economic territory during an accounting period. It is equal to gross domestic product plus earned income receivable from abroad minus earned income payable abroad.