Adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) by country
Consumption of fixed capital represents the replacement value of capital used up in the process of production. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross National Income (GNI) which is the total income earned by all residents within an economic territory during an accounting period. It is equal to gross...
Countries reporting
204
Highest
34.6%
Ireland
Lowest
1.2%
Bangladesh
Median
12.2%
Years covered
52
1970–2021
Data points
10,849
What the numbers show
Adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) is currently reported for 204 countries. The highest value is 34.6% in Ireland; the lowest is 1.2% in Bangladesh.
The median across all reporting countries is 12.2%, and the mean is 12.9%.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 28.
Over the past decade 124 countries rose and 79 fell. The largest increase was in Timor-Leste (up 828.1%), and the largest decrease in Bangladesh (down 83.4%).
Adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ireland | 34.6% | 2021 | up 102.9% | rising |
| 2 | Equatorial Guinea | 26.6% | 2021 | up 29.7% | volatile |
| 3 | China | 26.5% | 2021 | up 27.6% | rising |
| 4 | Congo | 25.7% | 2021 | down 6.6% | rising |
| 5 | Japan | 25.2% | 2021 | up 4.4% | rising |
| 6 | Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 24.6% | 2014 | up 70.4% | rising |
| 7 | Switzerland | 24.0% | 2021 | up 3.1% | rising |
| 8 | Liberia | 23.9% | 2021 | up 21.6% | rising |
| 9 | Gabon | 23.7% | 2021 | up 22.9% | rising |
| 10 | Mozambique | 23.2% | 2021 | up 70.8% | rising |
| 11 | Czechia | 22.3% | 2021 | down 2.3% | flat |
| 12 | Lebanon | 22.2% | 2021 | up 21.4% | rising |
| 13 | Latvia | 21.7% | 2021 | down 13.7% | falling |
| 14 | Malaysia | 21.2% | 2021 | up 27.0% | rising |
| 15 | Singapore | 20.8% | 2021 | up 48.7% | rising |
| 16 | Republic of Korea | 20.6% | 2021 | up 11.9% | rising |
| 17 | Mexico | 20.6% | 2021 | up 29.3% | rising |
| 18 | Botswana | 20.5% | 2021 | up 11.6% | rising |
| 19 | Indonesia | 20.3% | 2021 | up 8.7% | volatile |
| 20 | Iran, Islamic Republic of | 20.2% | 2021 | up 91.6% | rising |
| 21 | Central African Republic | 20.1% | 2021 | up 84.2% | falling |
| 22 | Portugal | 19.9% | 2021 | up 11.1% | rising |
| 23 | Zambia | 19.8% | 2021 | up 19.0% | rising |
| 24 | Belize | 19.7% | 2021 | up 13.0% | rising |
| 25 | Austria | 19.6% | 2021 | up 13.5% | rising |
| 26 | Ecuador | 19.4% | 2021 | up 57.8% | rising |
| 27 | Thailand | 19.4% | 2021 | up 23.4% | rising |
| 28 | Belgium | 19.3% | 2021 | down 0.3% | rising |
| 29 | Puerto Rico | 19.1% | 2021 | up 2.1% | rising |
| 30 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 19.1% | 2021 | up 28.6% | rising |
| 31 | Brazil | 18.9% | 2021 | down 1.4% | rising |
| 32 | Germany | 18.9% | 2021 | up 9.2% | rising |
| 33 | France | 18.8% | 2021 | up 8.0% | rising |
| 34 | Finland | 18.7% | 2021 | up 1.0% | rising |
| 35 | Slovenia | 18.5% | 2021 | down 8.9% | rising |
| 36 | Croatia | 18.4% | 2021 | up 5.3% | flat |
| 37 | Chile | 18.2% | 2021 | up 29.0% | rising |
| 38 | Italy | 18.1% | 2021 | up 2.2% | rising |
| 39 | Sao Tome and Principe | 18.1% | 2021 | up 468.6% | volatile |
| 40 | Hungary | 18.1% | 2021 | down 3.6% | falling |
| 41 | Qatar | 18.1% | 2021 | up 7.6% | rising |
| 42 | Hong Kong, China | 17.8% | 2021 | up 18.4% | volatile |
| 43 | Slovakia | 17.7% | 2021 | down 3.8% | falling |
| 44 | Eswatini | 17.6% | 2021 | down 24.4% | rising |
| 45 | Netherlands | 17.5% | 2021 | up 3.1% | rising |
| 46 | Estonia | 17.4% | 2021 | up 4.5% | rising |
| 47 | Australia | 17.3% | 2021 | up 5.1% | rising |
| 48 | Iceland | 17.2% | 2021 | down 15.5% | falling |
| 49 | Norway | 17.1% | 2021 | up 10.3% | flat |
| 50 | Albania | 17.0% | 2021 | up 23.6% | rising |
| 51 | Spain | 17.0% | 2021 | up 7.6% | rising |
| 52 | Belarus | 16.9% | 2021 | up 16.4% | rising |
| 53 | Sweden | 16.9% | 2021 | up 3.9% | rising |
| 54 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 16.7% | 2021 | down 2.3% | volatile |
| 55 | North Macedonia | 16.6% | 2021 | down 14.0% | falling |
| 56 | Luxembourg | 16.6% | 2021 | up 0.7% | falling |
| 57 | Curaçao | 16.5% | 2021 | up 6.4% | flat |
| 58 | Canada | 16.5% | 2021 | up 2.6% | rising |
| 59 | United States of America | 16.2% | 2021 | up 3.9% | rising |
| 60 | Denmark | 16.2% | 2021 | down 5.7% | rising |
| 61 | Gambia | 16.2% | 2021 | down 14.1% | rising |
| 62 | Saint Lucia | 16.1% | 2021 | up 13.1% | volatile |
| 63 | Burundi | 15.9% | 2021 | up 17.2% | rising |
| 64 | Romania | 15.8% | 2021 | down 16.0% | falling |
| 65 | Suriname | 15.7% | 2021 | up 13.7% | rising |
| 66 | Turkmenistan | 15.6% | 2019 | down 5.9% | rising |
| 67 | Serbia | 15.6% | 2021 | up 3.1% | falling |
| 68 | Türkiye | 15.3% | 2021 | up 6.0% | flat |
| 69 | New Zealand | 15.2% | 2021 | up 2.2% | flat |
| 70 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 15.2% | 2021 | up 4.3% | rising |
| 71 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 15.1% | 2021 | up 8.0% | rising |
| 72 | Israel | 15.0% | 2021 | down 1.8% | falling |
| 73 | Dominica | 15.0% | 2021 | down 11.9% | volatile |
| 74 | Malta | 14.9% | 2021 | up 7.4% | rising |
| 75 | Liechtenstein | 14.9% | 2019 | down 28.7% | rising |
| 76 | Kyrgyzstan | 14.8% | 2021 | up 49.5% | rising |
| 77 | Greece | 14.7% | 2021 | down 18.8% | flat |
| 78 | Cyprus | 14.5% | 2021 | up 22.6% | flat |
| 79 | Bulgaria | 14.5% | 2021 | down 2.1% | rising |
| 80 | Russian Federation | 14.3% | 2021 | up 49.4% | volatile |
| 81 | Viet Nam | 14.3% | 2021 | down 11.9% | volatile |
| 82 | Uzbekistan | 14.1% | 2021 | up 50.0% | rising |
| 83 | Grenada | 14.0% | 2021 | down 44.9% | rising |
| 84 | New Caledonia | 13.9% | 2000 | up 47.8% | rising |
| 85 | El Salvador | 13.8% | 2021 | up 80.9% | rising |
| 86 | Lesotho | 13.7% | 2021 | down 3.5% | volatile |
| 87 | Ukraine | 13.5% | 2021 | down 4.5% | falling |
| 88 | Mongolia | 13.5% | 2021 | up 104.4% | falling |
| 89 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 13.2% | 2021 | up 9.4% | rising |
| 90 | Rwanda | 13.2% | 2021 | up 14.2% | rising |
| 91 | Chad | 13.0% | 2021 | up 27.9% | rising |
| 92 | South Africa | 13.0% | 2021 | down 1.6% | falling |
| 93 | Kosovo | 13.0% | 2021 | up 11.6% | rising |
| 93 | Kosovo (UNSCR 1244) | 13.0% | 2021 | up 11.6% | rising |
| 95 | Armenia | 12.9% | 2021 | up 11.4% | falling |
| 96 | Timor-Leste | 12.8% | 2021 | up 828.1% | volatile |
| 97 | Namibia | 12.7% | 2021 | up 5.2% | falling |
| 98 | Cuba | 12.6% | 2019 | up 8.2% | rising |
| 99 | Bolivia, Plurinational State of | 12.5% | 2021 | up 44.2% | rising |
| 100 | Lithuania | 12.5% | 2021 | down 8.5% | falling |
| 101 | Guinea | 12.5% | 2021 | up 63.1% | rising |
| 102 | Republic of Moldova | 12.2% | 2021 | up 29.9% | falling |
| 103 | Aruba | 12.2% | 2021 | up 3.5% | rising |
| 104 | Greenland | 12.2% | 2007 | up 6.0% | rising |
| 105 | Fiji | 12.2% | 2021 | up 8.7% | rising |
| 106 | India | 12.1% | 2021 | up 14.5% | rising |
| 107 | Georgia | 12.1% | 2021 | down 6.2% | rising |
| 108 | Kazakhstan | 12.1% | 2021 | down 18.4% | falling |
| 109 | Maldives | 12.0% | 2021 | up 0.0% | rising |
| 110 | Montenegro | 12.0% | 2021 | up 12.5% | rising |
| 111 | Saudi Arabia | 12.0% | 2020 | up 39.1% | rising |
| 112 | Barbados | 12.0% | 2021 | up 3.2% | rising |
| 113 | Cape Verde | 11.8% | 2021 | up 6.6% | rising |
| 114 | Panama | 11.8% | 2021 | up 101.0% | flat |
| 115 | Guatemala | 11.7% | 2021 | down 2.1% | rising |
| 116 | Poland | 11.7% | 2021 | up 2.7% | falling |
| 117 | Argentina | 11.7% | 2021 | up 6.4% | rising |
| 118 | Mauritius | 11.6% | 2021 | down 26.5% | rising |
| 119 | Nigeria | 11.5% | 2021 | up 32.2% | flat |
| 120 | Antigua and Barbuda | 11.5% | 2021 | up 11.2% | rising |
| 121 | Cameroon | 11.4% | 2021 | down 17.0% | rising |
| 122 | Seychelles | 11.2% | 2021 | down 8.6% | rising |
| 123 | Kenya | 11.1% | 2021 | down 10.0% | flat |
| 124 | Brunei Darussalam | 11.1% | 2021 | up 13.2% | flat |
| 125 | Tunisia | 10.9% | 2021 | down 33.1% | rising |
| 126 | Colombia | 10.9% | 2021 | down 3.9% | flat |
| 127 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 10.8% | 2021 | up 20.5% | rising |
| 128 | Cambodia | 10.7% | 2021 | up 35.1% | rising |
| 129 | Benin | 10.6% | 2021 | down 19.2% | rising |
| 130 | Sint Maarten (Dutch part) | 10.5% | 2018 | up 0.5% | flat |
| 131 | Iraq | 10.4% | 2021 | down 22.4% | falling |
| 132 | Palau | 10.3% | 2021 | up 0.3% | rising |
| 133 | Peru | 10.2% | 2021 | up 112.5% | falling |
| 134 | Philippines | 10.1% | 2021 | up 7.9% | rising |
| 135 | Morocco | 10.1% | 2021 | up 7.9% | rising |
| 136 | Bahrain | 10.1% | 2020 | up 61.0% | falling |
| 137 | Senegal | 10.0% | 2021 | down 4.9% | rising |
| 138 | Ghana | 10.0% | 2021 | up 17.9% | rising |
| 139 | Zimbabwe | 9.9% | 2021 | down 3.2% | volatile |
| 140 | Marshall Islands | 9.8% | 2021 | up 15.1% | rising |
| 141 | Libya | 9.8% | 2021 | up 9.3% | rising |
| 142 | Djibouti | 9.7% | 2021 | down 45.1% | volatile |
| 143 | Eritrea | 9.7% | 2011 | up 2.2% | rising |
| 144 | South Sudan | 9.3% | 2015 | — | falling |
| 145 | Nicaragua | 9.2% | 2021 | up 13.7% | flat |
| 146 | Palestine, State of | 9.2% | 2021 | down 17.0% | falling |
| 147 | Tanzania, United Republic of | 9.1% | 2021 | down 51.5% | falling |
| 148 | Tajikistan | 8.9% | 2021 | down 44.2% | volatile |
| 149 | Naoero | 8.9% | 2021 | down 25.7% | falling |
| 150 | Tonga | 8.7% | 2021 | up 1.0% | rising |
| 151 | Solomon Islands | 8.7% | 2021 | down 0.3% | rising |
| 152 | Azerbaijan | 8.7% | 2021 | up 74.7% | falling |
| 153 | Trinidad and Tobago | 8.7% | 2021 | down 51.6% | rising |
| 154 | Burkina Faso | 8.6% | 2021 | up 7.4% | rising |
| 155 | Macau, China | 8.6% | 2021 | down 8.6% | rising |
| 156 | Samoa | 8.4% | 2021 | down 3.0% | falling |
| 157 | Algeria | 8.3% | 2021 | up 46.0% | falling |
| 158 | French Polynesia | 8.3% | 2000 | down 12.2% | rising |
| 159 | Afghanistan | 8.3% | 2021 | up 2.8% | rising |
| 160 | Angola | 8.2% | 2021 | up 9.0% | rising |
| 161 | Uruguay | 8.0% | 2021 | up 108.8% | volatile |
| 162 | Cayman Islands | 8.0% | 2020 | up 25.6% | rising |
| 163 | Tuvalu | 7.9% | 2021 | up 27.2% | rising |
| 164 | Sri Lanka | 7.8% | 2021 | up 21.2% | rising |
| 165 | Kuwait | 7.7% | 2019 | down 4.0% | rising |
| 166 | Somalia | 7.6% | 2021 | up 10.9% | rising |
| 167 | Mauritania | 7.5% | 2021 | up 18.6% | rising |
| 168 | Papua New Guinea | 7.5% | 2021 | down 4.3% | falling |
| 169 | Vanuatu | 7.4% | 2021 | down 10.2% | rising |
| 170 | Ethiopia | 7.4% | 2021 | down 24.3% | volatile |
| 171 | Oman | 7.3% | 2021 | down 49.4% | rising |
| 172 | Comoros | 7.1% | 2021 | up 2.8% | rising |
| 173 | Dominican Republic | 7.1% | 2021 | up 61.2% | rising |
| 174 | Sudan | 7.0% | 2021 | down 9.6% | rising |
| 175 | Paraguay | 6.9% | 2021 | down 25.9% | falling |
| 176 | Nepal | 6.8% | 2021 | up 30.5% | rising |
| 177 | Jamaica | 6.3% | 2021 | down 23.3% | falling |
| 178 | Myanmar | 6.2% | 2021 | up 214.4% | volatile |
| 179 | Madagascar | 6.2% | 2021 | down 46.2% | volatile |
| 180 | Micronesia, Federated States of | 6.2% | 2021 | down 3.0% | flat |
| 181 | Egypt | 6.1% | 2021 | up 0.8% | rising |
| 182 | Costa Rica | 6.0% | 2021 | down 0.4% | falling |
| 183 | Uganda | 5.8% | 2021 | down 55.4% | rising |
| 184 | Bahamas | 5.8% | 2021 | down 21.8% | rising |
| 185 | Togo | 5.7% | 2021 | down 39.0% | falling |
| 186 | Sierra Leone | 5.5% | 2021 | down 1.1% | falling |
| 187 | Haiti | 5.5% | 2021 | up 29.7% | rising |
| 188 | United Arab Emirates | 5.3% | 2020 | up 10.3% | falling |
| 189 | Honduras | 5.1% | 2021 | down 11.1% | rising |
| 190 | Mali | 5.0% | 2021 | down 19.8% | rising |
| 191 | Malawi | 4.7% | 2021 | down 63.0% | rising |
| 192 | Guinea-Bissau | 4.5% | 2021 | down 21.3% | flat |
| 193 | Congo, Democratic Republic of the | 4.4% | 2021 | down 25.2% | falling |
| 194 | Kiribati | 4.3% | 2021 | down 23.4% | falling |
| 195 | Yemen | 4.3% | 2018 | down 40.2% | falling |
| 196 | Jordan | 4.2% | 2021 | down 42.5% | rising |
| 197 | Pakistan | 4.0% | 2021 | down 20.2% | falling |
| 198 | Bermuda | 3.8% | 2021 | down 31.7% | falling |
| 199 | Guyana | 3.6% | 2021 | up 41.9% | volatile |
| 200 | Niger | 3.6% | 2021 | up 357.7% | volatile |
| 201 | Syrian Arab Republic | 3.6% | 2020 | down 21.1% | rising |
| 202 | Côte d'Ivoire | 3.2% | 2021 | down 29.2% | falling |
| 203 | Bhutan | 1.6% | 2021 | down 80.6% | flat |
| 204 | Bangladesh | 1.2% | 2021 | down 83.4% | falling |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) 25.3%
- East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries) 25.3%
- East Asia & Pacific 24.3%
- Late-demographic dividend 23.4%
- Upper middle income 22.9%
- IBRD only 20.8%
- Middle income 20.6%
- Low & middle income 20.5%
- IDA & IBRD total 19.9%
- World 18.8%
- Euro area 18.8%
- European Union 18.4%
- Post-demographic dividend 18.0%
- OECD members 18.0%
- High income 17.8%
- Europe & Central Asia 17.6%
- Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) 16.8%
- Latin America & Caribbean 16.6%
- Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries) 16.5%
- North America 16.2%
- Central Europe and the Baltics 15.8%
- Other small states 14.6%
- Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) 14.4%
- Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries) 14.1%
- Early-demographic dividend 13.4%
- Small states 13.0%
- Africa Western and Central 11.0%
- Sub-Saharan Africa 10.9%
- Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries) 10.9%
- Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) 10.9%
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 10.9%
- Africa Eastern and Southern 10.8%
- South Asia 10.7%
- South Asia (IDA & IBRD) 10.7%
- Pre-demographic dividend 10.3%
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (IDA & IBRD) 10.1%
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income) 10.1%
- Lower middle income 10.1%
- Arab World 9.8%
- Pacific island small states 9.7%
About this data
Consumption of fixed capital represents the replacement value of capital used up in the process of production. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross National Income (GNI) which is the total income earned by all residents within an economic territory during an accounting period. It is equal to gross domestic product plus earned income receivable from abroad minus earned income payable abroad.