Adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital in Middle income
Middle income: Adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital was 20.6% in 2021. ▲ Rising
Adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital in Middle income, 1970–2021
Source: Staff estimates, World Bank (WB). Measured in % of GNI.
Analysis
In 2021, adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital in Middle income stood at 20.6%. That is the highest value across all 52 years on record.
Compared with earlier readings it is up 0.3% on the previous year and up 27.6% over ten years.
Over the whole period, adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital in Middle income peaked at 20.6% in 2021 and was at its lowest, 8.8%, in 1971.
Middle income ranks 7th of 47 groups on this measure, in the top quarter.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 52 years of available data.
Adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital in Middle income, year by year
| Year | % of GNI | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 8.9% | — |
| 1971 | 8.8% | -1.4% |
| 1972 | 9.0% | +3.2% |
| 1973 | 8.9% | -1.9% |
| 1974 | 8.8% | -0.9% |
| 1975 | 9.4% | +7.2% |
| 1976 | 9.7% | +2.8% |
| 1977 | 10.0% | +2.7% |
| 1978 | 10.2% | +2.1% |
| 1979 | 10.4% | +1.9% |
| 1980 | 11.0% | +5.7% |
| 1981 | 11.0% | +0.8% |
| 1982 | 11.4% | +3.6% |
| 1983 | 11.6% | +1.7% |
| 1984 | 11.5% | -1.4% |
| 1985 | 11.6% | +1.3% |
| 1986 | 12.1% | +4.2% |
| 1987 | 12.0% | -0.9% |
| 1988 | 11.8% | -1.4% |
| 1989 | 11.7% | -0.9% |
| 1990 | 12.5% | +7.0% |
| 1991 | 11.3% | -9.7% |
| 1992 | 11.2% | -1.3% |
| 1993 | 11.5% | +2.5% |
| 1994 | 11.5% | +0.4% |
| 1995 | 11.9% | +3.2% |
| 1996 | 11.6% | -2.0% |
| 1997 | 12.0% | +3.3% |
| 1998 | 12.7% | +6.0% |
| 1999 | 12.9% | +1.2% |
| 2000 | 12.7% | -1.4% |
| 2001 | 13.3% | +4.5% |
| 2002 | 13.3% | +0.5% |
| 2003 | 13.5% | +0.9% |
| 2004 | 13.4% | -0.4% |
| 2005 | 13.3% | -0.7% |
| 2006 | 13.3% | +0.2% |
| 2007 | 13.4% | +0.8% |
| 2008 | 13.9% | +3.4% |
| 2009 | 15.1% | +8.5% |
| 2010 | 15.4% | +2.0% |
| 2011 | 16.2% | +5.0% |
| 2012 | 17.0% | +5.1% |
| 2013 | 17.6% | +3.8% |
| 2014 | 18.0% | +2.2% |
| 2015 | 18.5% | +2.6% |
| 2016 | 18.4% | -0.1% |
| 2017 | 18.3% | -0.8% |
| 2018 | 19.1% | +4.5% |
| 2019 | 19.4% | +1.4% |
| 2020 | 20.5% | +5.9% |
| 2021 | 20.6% | +0.3% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970s | 9.4% | 8.8% | 10.4% | 10 |
| 1980s | 11.6% | 11.0% | 12.1% | 10 |
| 1990s | 11.9% | 11.2% | 12.9% | 10 |
| 2000s | 13.5% | 12.7% | 15.1% | 10 |
| 2010s | 17.8% | 15.4% | 19.4% | 10 |
| 2020s | 20.6% | 20.5% | 20.6% | 2 |
Countries ranked near Middle income
- 4 Congo 25.7% compare
- 5 Japan 25.2% compare
- 6 Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of 24.6% compare
- 7 Switzerland 24.0% compare
- 8 Liberia 23.9% compare
- 9 Gabon 23.7% compare
- 10 Mozambique 23.2% compare
More economy & growth data for Middle income
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), gaps 267.98 billion BoP, current US$ (2025)
- Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (constant 2015 US$) 0.081 constant 2015 US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Gross capital formation (current US$), per capita 2,171 current US$ per person (2024)
- Gross capital formation (constant 2015 US$), annual growth rate 2.72 % change on previous year (2025)
- Gross capital formation (constant 2015 US$), per unit of GDP 0.3019 constant 2015 US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Gross capital formation (constant 2015 US$), per capita 2,046 constant 2015 US$ per person (2025)
- Imports of goods and services (current US$), annual growth rate 5.25 % change on previous year (2025)
- Imports of goods and services (current US$), per unit of GDP 0.242 current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Imports of goods and services (current US$), per capita 1,641 current US$ per person (2025)
- Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (constant 2015 US$) 3.33 % change on previous year (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital in Middle income?
- Adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital in Middle income was 20.6% in 2021, according to Staff estimates, World Bank (WB).
- What is the highest adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital recorded in Middle income?
- The highest recorded value was 20.6% in 2021.
- What is the lowest adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital recorded in Middle income?
- The lowest recorded value was 8.8% in 1971.
- How does Middle income rank for adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital?
- Middle income ranks 7th out of 47 groups with data for 2021.
- Is adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital rising or falling in Middle income?
- Over the last ten years it is up 27.6%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Middle income data come from?
- The figures come from Staff estimates, World Bank (WB), published as part of Adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 52 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data).
About this data
Consumption of fixed capital represents the replacement value of capital used up in the process of production. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross National Income (GNI) which is the total income earned by all residents within an economic territory during an accounting period. It is equal to gross domestic product plus earned income receivable from abroad minus earned income payable abroad.