Adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital in Low & middle income
Low & middle income: Adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital was 20.5% in 2021. ▲ Rising
Adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital in Low & middle income, 1970–2021
Source: Staff estimates, World Bank (WB). Measured in % of GNI.
Analysis
In 2021, adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital in Low & middle income stood at 20.5%. That is the highest value across all 52 years on record.
That represents a change of up 0.4% on the previous year and up 27.7% over ten years.
Over the whole period, adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital in Low & middle income peaked at 20.5% in 2021 and was at its lowest, 8.7%, in 1971.
Low & middle income ranks 8th of 47 groups on this measure, in the top quarter.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 52 years of available data.
Adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital in Low & middle income, year by year
| Year | % of GNI | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 8.8% | — |
| 1971 | 8.7% | -1.5% |
| 1972 | 9.0% | +3.2% |
| 1973 | 8.8% | -1.7% |
| 1974 | 8.7% | -0.9% |
| 1975 | 9.4% | +7.0% |
| 1976 | 9.6% | +2.8% |
| 1977 | 9.9% | +2.6% |
| 1978 | 10.1% | +2.0% |
| 1979 | 10.3% | +2.0% |
| 1980 | 10.9% | +5.7% |
| 1981 | 10.9% | +0.6% |
| 1982 | 11.3% | +3.7% |
| 1983 | 11.5% | +1.7% |
| 1984 | 11.4% | -1.3% |
| 1985 | 11.5% | +1.3% |
| 1986 | 12.0% | +4.0% |
| 1987 | 11.9% | -0.9% |
| 1988 | 11.7% | -1.4% |
| 1989 | 11.6% | -0.9% |
| 1990 | 12.3% | +6.6% |
| 1991 | 11.1% | -9.8% |
| 1992 | 11.1% | -0.6% |
| 1993 | 11.4% | +2.6% |
| 1994 | 11.4% | +0.5% |
| 1995 | 11.8% | +3.4% |
| 1996 | 11.6% | -1.8% |
| 1997 | 12.0% | +3.2% |
| 1998 | 12.7% | +5.9% |
| 1999 | 12.8% | +1.2% |
| 2000 | 12.6% | -1.5% |
| 2001 | 13.2% | +4.4% |
| 2002 | 13.2% | +0.5% |
| 2003 | 13.3% | +0.9% |
| 2004 | 13.3% | -0.4% |
| 2005 | 13.2% | -0.7% |
| 2006 | 13.2% | +0.2% |
| 2007 | 13.3% | +0.8% |
| 2008 | 13.8% | +3.4% |
| 2009 | 14.9% | +8.3% |
| 2010 | 15.2% | +2.0% |
| 2011 | 16.0% | +5.2% |
| 2012 | 16.9% | +5.3% |
| 2013 | 17.5% | +3.7% |
| 2014 | 17.9% | +2.1% |
| 2015 | 18.3% | +2.6% |
| 2016 | 18.3% | -0.1% |
| 2017 | 18.2% | -0.8% |
| 2018 | 19.0% | +4.5% |
| 2019 | 19.3% | +1.5% |
| 2020 | 20.4% | +5.8% |
| 2021 | 20.5% | +0.4% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970s | 9.3% | 8.7% | 10.3% | 10 |
| 1980s | 11.5% | 10.9% | 12.0% | 10 |
| 1990s | 11.8% | 11.1% | 12.8% | 10 |
| 2000s | 13.4% | 12.6% | 14.9% | 10 |
| 2010s | 17.6% | 15.2% | 19.3% | 10 |
| 2020s | 20.4% | 20.4% | 20.5% | 2 |
Countries ranked near Low & middle income
- 5 Japan 25.2% compare
- 6 Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of 24.6% compare
- 7 Switzerland 24.0% compare
- 8 Liberia 23.9% compare
- 9 Gabon 23.7% compare
- 10 Mozambique 23.2% compare
- 11 Czechia 22.3% compare
More economy & growth data for Low & middle income
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), per unit 0.0065 BoP, current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), gaps 267.99 billion BoP, current US$ (2025)
- GDP (current US$), per capita 6,107 current US$ per person (2025)
- Services, value added (current US$), per capita 3,519 current US$ per person (2025)
- Services, value added (constant 2015 US$), annual growth rate 5.02 % change on previous year (2025)
- Services, value added (constant 2015 US$), per unit of GDP 0.5412 constant 2015 US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Services, value added (constant 2015 US$), per capita 3,305 constant 2015 US$ per person (2025)
- GDP (current US$), annual growth rate 5.03 % change on previous year (2025)
- GDP (constant 2015 US$), per unit of GDP 0.9385 constant 2015 US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Gross domestic savings (current US$), annual growth rate 0.7748 % change on previous year (2024)
Frequently asked questions
- What is adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital in Low & middle income?
- Adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital in Low & middle income was 20.5% in 2021, according to Staff estimates, World Bank (WB).
- What is the highest adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital recorded in Low & middle income?
- The highest recorded value was 20.5% in 2021.
- What is the lowest adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital recorded in Low & middle income?
- The lowest recorded value was 8.7% in 1971.
- How does Low & middle income rank for adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital?
- Low & middle income ranks 8th out of 47 groups with data for 2021.
- Is adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital rising or falling in Low & middle income?
- Over the last ten years it is up 27.7%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Low & middle income data come from?
- The figures come from Staff estimates, World Bank (WB), published as part of Adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Consumption of fixed capital represents the replacement value of capital used up in the process of production. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross National Income (GNI) which is the total income earned by all residents within an economic territory during an accounting period. It is equal to gross domestic product plus earned income receivable from abroad minus earned income payable abroad.