Gross fixed capital formation (current US$), per square kilometre by country
Gross fixed capital formation (current US$) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Countries reporting
177
Highest
202.19 million current US$ per square kilometre
Macau, China
Lowest
464.08 current US$ per square kilometre
Sudan
Median
95,344 current US$ per square kilometre
Years covered
63
1961–2023
Data points
9,727
What the numbers show
Gross fixed capital formation (current US$), per square kilometre is currently reported for 177 countries. The highest value is 202.19 million current US$ per square kilometre in Macau, China; the lowest is 464.08 current US$ per square kilometre in Sudan.
The median across all reporting countries is 95,344 current US$ per square kilometre, and the mean is 3.21 million current US$ per square kilometre.
Over the past decade 133 countries rose and 43 fell. The largest increase was in Samoa (up 481.4%), and the largest decrease in Lebanon (down 97.0%).
Gross fixed capital formation (current US$), per square kilometre: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Macau, China | 202.19 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 10.9% | volatile |
| 2 | Singapore | 155.73 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 29.9% | volatile |
| 3 | Hong Kong, China | 61.49 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 2.9% | volatile |
| 4 | Bermuda | 17.87 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 37.0% | rising |
| 5 | Bahrain | 15.89 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 44.0% | volatile |
| 6 | Malta | 13.51 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 131.5% | volatile |
| 7 | Maldives | 7.74 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 134.8% | rising |
| 8 | Netherlands | 6.86 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 43.7% | volatile |
| 9 | Switzerland | 6.32 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 32.8% | volatile |
| 10 | Republic of Korea | 5.94 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 38.1% | volatile |
| 11 | Israel | 5.85 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 87.3% | volatile |
| 12 | San Marino | 5.70 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 39.4% | rising |
| 13 | Luxembourg | 5.54 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 18.6% | rising |
| 14 | Belgium | 5.16 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 34.8% | rising |
| 15 | Japan | 3.35 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 9.3% | rising |
| 16 | Germany | 2.77 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 29.5% | volatile |
| 17 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 2.67 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 39.3% | volatile |
| 18 | Denmark | 2.38 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 46.9% | volatile |
| 19 | Curaçao | 2.34 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2018 | up 13.8% | rising |
| 20 | Ireland | 2.05 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 218.1% | volatile |
| 21 | Puerto Rico | 1.84 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 69.1% | volatile |
| 22 | Italy | 1.77 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 40.8% | volatile |
| 23 | Kuwait | 1.69 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 25.9% | volatile |
| 24 | Austria | 1.55 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 28.3% | volatile |
| 25 | Mauritius | 1.43 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 12.8% | volatile |
| 26 | France | 1.29 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 16.5% | volatile |
| 27 | Czechia | 1.25 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 82.8% | rising |
| 28 | Seychelles | 1.15 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 2.9% | volatile |
| 29 | Bangladesh | 1.04 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 218.4% | volatile |
| 30 | United Arab Emirates | 1.03 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2009 | up 238.2% | rising |
| 31 | Trinidad and Tobago | 926,598 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 19.9% | rising |
| 32 | Brunei Darussalam | 842,844 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 37.8% | volatile |
| 33 | Cyprus | 834,626 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 128.6% | volatile |
| 34 | China | 787,282 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 72.1% | volatile |
| 35 | Slovenia | 742,790 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 57.6% | rising |
| 36 | Palestine, State of | 729,544 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 49.6% | volatile |
| 37 | Dominican Republic | 724,356 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 156.3% | volatile |
| 38 | Spain | 663,282 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 38.4% | volatile |
| 39 | Portugal | 653,730 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 78.1% | volatile |
| 40 | United States of America | 649,940 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 78.3% | volatile |
| 41 | Hungary | 596,515 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 90.9% | volatile |
| 42 | Slovakia | 587,213 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 34.4% | rising |
| 43 | Türkiye | 487,472 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 35.4% | volatile |
| 44 | Poland | 474,872 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 49.3% | rising |
| 45 | Viet Nam | 417,007 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 115.8% | volatile |
| 46 | Romania | 401,263 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 99.3% | volatile |
| 47 | French Polynesia | 400,507 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 19.6% | falling |
| 48 | Croatia | 378,637 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 84.2% | rising |
| 49 | India | 375,617 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 92.2% | volatile |
| 50 | El Salvador | 363,147 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 95.1% | volatile |
| 51 | Sweden | 361,266 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 14.7% | volatile |
| 52 | Panama | 360,635 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 47.5% | volatile |
| 53 | Philippines | 346,433 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 75.1% | volatile |
| 54 | Bahamas | 332,188 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 12.1% | volatile |
| 55 | Norway | 311,283 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 11.4% | volatile |
| 56 | Lithuania | 305,748 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 121.7% | volatile |
| 57 | Greece | 299,381 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 41.4% | volatile |
| 58 | Marshall Islands | 289,633 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 15.1% | rising |
| 59 | Costa Rica | 285,245 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 44.3% | volatile |
| 60 | Sri Lanka | 246,898 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 36.4% | volatile |
| 61 | Estonia | 246,597 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 53.0% | volatile |
| 62 | New Zealand | 241,929 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 55.6% | volatile |
| 63 | Malaysia | 234,058 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 10.2% | volatile |
| 64 | Thailand | 231,545 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 10.9% | volatile |
| 65 | Finland | 227,235 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 14.4% | volatile |
| 66 | Serbia | 226,093 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 139.4% | rising |
| 67 | Mexico | 214,868 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 43.1% | volatile |
| 68 | Tonga | 214,761 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 54.2% | volatile |
| 69 | Palau | 212,375 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 78.6% | rising |
| 70 | Indonesia | 211,212 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 35.9% | volatile |
| 71 | Albania | 208,219 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 60.3% | volatile |
| 72 | Rwanda | 204,177 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 172.1% | volatile |
| 73 | Armenia | 176,456 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 112.9% | volatile |
| 74 | Bulgaria | 176,320 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 61.9% | volatile |
| 75 | Latvia | 165,142 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 41.2% | volatile |
| 76 | Guatemala | 159,111 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 113.2% | volatile |
| 77 | Saudi Arabia | 158,060 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 88.6% | volatile |
| 78 | North Macedonia | 155,045 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 52.4% | volatile |
| 79 | Azerbaijan | 152,486 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 34.1% | volatile |
| 80 | New Caledonia | 136,597 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 34.9% | rising |
| 81 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 128,225 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 68.3% | rising |
| 82 | Samoa | 116,204 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 481.4% | rising |
| 83 | Montenegro | 116,132 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 72.9% | rising |
| 84 | Chile | 110,291 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 12.2% | volatile |
| 85 | Cuba | 101,503 current US$ per square kilometre | 2020 | up 109.8% | rising |
| 86 | Republic of Moldova | 98,640 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 48.3% | volatile |
| 87 | Haiti | 98,604 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 2.0% | volatile |
| 88 | Ecuador | 96,656 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 3.9% | volatile |
| 89 | Comoros | 95,344 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 2.0% | volatile |
| 90 | Georgia | 95,049 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 104.5% | volatile |
| 91 | Kiribati | 88,852 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 19.3% | rising |
| 92 | Oman | 83,286 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 4.3% | volatile |
| 93 | Morocco | 82,052 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 11.3% | volatile |
| 94 | Belarus | 80,538 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 41.8% | volatile |
| 95 | Iceland | 78,386 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 213.2% | volatile |
| 96 | Cambodia | 78,376 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 169.7% | volatile |
| 97 | Uruguay | 78,289 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 2.3% | volatile |
| 98 | Iran, Islamic Republic of | 77,308 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 8.3% | volatile |
| 99 | Iraq | 77,227 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 29.0% | volatile |
| 100 | Uzbekistan | 75,504 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 95.1% | volatile |
| 101 | Honduras | 72,943 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 87.1% | volatile |
| 102 | Nepal | 70,416 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 84.2% | volatile |
| 103 | Gambia | 64,608 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 223.1% | volatile |
| 104 | Ukraine | 62,204 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 9.2% | volatile |
| 105 | Egypt | 60,185 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 59.9% | volatile |
| 106 | Benin | 59,532 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 159.0% | volatile |
| 107 | Fiji | 58,349 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 2.0% | volatile |
| 108 | Canada | 57,586 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 15.6% | volatile |
| 109 | Senegal | 56,355 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 158.7% | volatile |
| 110 | Colombia | 54,313 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 26.1% | volatile |
| 111 | Uganda | 53,712 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 18.4% | volatile |
| 112 | Pakistan | 53,538 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 20.2% | volatile |
| 113 | Jordan | 53,293 current US$ per square kilometre | 2007 | up 151.6% | volatile |
| 114 | Côte d'Ivoire | 52,336 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 87.7% | volatile |
| 115 | Australia | 52,298 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 8.5% | volatile |
| 116 | Tunisia | 48,829 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 33.2% | volatile |
| 117 | South Africa | 46,960 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 23.5% | volatile |
| 118 | Peru | 44,202 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 11.2% | volatile |
| 119 | Sao Tome and Principe | 43,899 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 6.8% | rising |
| 120 | Argentina | 43,887 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 33.6% | volatile |
| 121 | Eswatini | 43,226 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 1.5% | rising |
| 122 | Brazil | 43,022 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 30.5% | volatile |
| 123 | Djibouti | 41,450 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 87.8% | rising |
| 124 | Equatorial Guinea | 38,549 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 83.7% | volatile |
| 125 | Tanzania, United Republic of | 38,121 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 117.8% | volatile |
| 126 | Togo | 37,513 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 69.8% | volatile |
| 127 | Lebanon | 37,244 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 97.0% | volatile |
| 128 | Bhutan | 35,237 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 9.1% | volatile |
| 129 | Ghana | 34,930 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 47.4% | volatile |
| 130 | Algeria | 34,062 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 0.6% | volatile |
| 131 | Kenya | 32,320 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 43.5% | volatile |
| 132 | Nicaragua | 31,730 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 22.7% | rising |
| 133 | Russian Federation | 27,620 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 10.1% | volatile |
| 134 | Belize | 27,434 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 109.7% | volatile |
| 135 | Ethiopia | 26,692 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 85.5% | rising |
| 136 | Tajikistan | 24,967 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 71.0% | volatile |
| 137 | Timor-Leste | 24,275 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 35.7% | volatile |
| 138 | Kazakhstan | 24,208 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 26.2% | volatile |
| 139 | Paraguay | 22,475 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 21.7% | volatile |
| 140 | Guinea | 22,343 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 179.7% | volatile |
| 141 | Vanuatu | 20,089 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 73.0% | volatile |
| 142 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 19,999 current US$ per square kilometre | 2016 | up 344.3% | volatile |
| 143 | Lesotho | 19,775 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 18.2% | volatile |
| 144 | Cameroon | 19,772 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 50.7% | volatile |
| 145 | Sierra Leone | 17,601 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 3.0% | volatile |
| 146 | Kyrgyzstan | 17,439 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 54.3% | volatile |
| 147 | Guinea-Bissau | 15,748 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 126.1% | volatile |
| 148 | Turkmenistan | 15,246 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 60.6% | volatile |
| 149 | Gabon | 13,601 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 33.5% | volatile |
| 150 | Burkina Faso | 13,497 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 17.0% | volatile |
| 151 | Solomon Islands | 11,554 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 61.2% | volatile |
| 152 | Congo | 11,173 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 54.9% | volatile |
| 153 | Angola | 10,565 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 67.4% | volatile |
| 154 | Congo, Democratic Republic of the | 10,498 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 125.8% | volatile |
| 155 | Suriname | 10,216 current US$ per square kilometre | 2010 | — | rising |
| 156 | Zambia | 9,808 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 0.8% | rising |
| 157 | Zimbabwe | 8,972 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 97.9% | volatile |
| 158 | Botswana | 8,730 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 25.6% | volatile |
| 159 | Bolivia, Plurinational State of | 8,556 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 58.6% | volatile |
| 160 | Syrian Arab Republic | 5,745 current US$ per square kilometre | 2022 | down 80.9% | volatile |
| 161 | Madagascar | 5,647 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 33.9% | volatile |
| 162 | Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 4,778 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 93.6% | volatile |
| 163 | Mali | 4,256 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 32.9% | volatile |
| 164 | Libya | 4,224 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 41.1% | volatile |
| 165 | Somalia | 4,124 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 255.6% | volatile |
| 166 | Niger | 4,006 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 67.7% | volatile |
| 167 | Namibia | 3,986 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 12.4% | volatile |
| 168 | Mongolia | 3,303 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 4.1% | volatile |
| 169 | Greenland | 2,811 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 42.7% | rising |
| 170 | Yemen | 2,528 current US$ per square kilometre | 2018 | down 67.8% | falling |
| 171 | Mauritania | 2,489 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 8.4% | volatile |
| 172 | Chad | 2,335 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 35.6% | volatile |
| 173 | Eritrea | 2,153 current US$ per square kilometre | 2011 | down 18.0% | flat |
| 174 | Papua New Guinea | 1,573 current US$ per square kilometre | 2004 | down 31.2% | volatile |
| 175 | Guyana | 1,355 current US$ per square kilometre | 2005 | up 29.1% | volatile |
| 176 | Central African Republic | 598.69 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 247.2% | volatile |
| 177 | Sudan | 464.08 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 88.3% | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Euro area 1.23 million current US$ per square kilometre
- European Union 1.03 million current US$ per square kilometre
- East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries) 522,741 current US$ per square kilometre
- East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) 519,464 current US$ per square kilometre
- Central Europe and the Baltics 463,396 current US$ per square kilometre
- East Asia & Pacific 447,986 current US$ per square kilometre
- Post-demographic dividend 438,868 current US$ per square kilometre
- OECD members 418,819 current US$ per square kilometre
- South Asia 382,805 current US$ per square kilometre
- South Asia (IDA & IBRD) 382,805 current US$ per square kilometre
- North America 359,738 current US$ per square kilometre
- High income 301,225 current US$ per square kilometre
- Upper middle income 231,422 current US$ per square kilometre
- Europe & Central Asia 226,419 current US$ per square kilometre
- Late-demographic dividend 218,931 current US$ per square kilometre
- World 214,946 current US$ per square kilometre
- Middle income 192,990 current US$ per square kilometre
- IBRD only 174,663 current US$ per square kilometre
- Other small states 170,057 current US$ per square kilometre
- Low & middle income 158,310 current US$ per square kilometre
- IDA & IBRD total 137,210 current US$ per square kilometre
- Early-demographic dividend 117,614 current US$ per square kilometre
- Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) 102,859 current US$ per square kilometre
- Lower middle income 100,281 current US$ per square kilometre
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 90,279 current US$ per square kilometre
- Small states 85,485 current US$ per square kilometre
- Latin America & Caribbean 66,117 current US$ per square kilometre
- Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries) 64,464 current US$ per square kilometre
- Arab World 64,321 current US$ per square kilometre
- Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) 61,665 current US$ per square kilometre
- Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries) 58,214 current US$ per square kilometre
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income) 41,233 current US$ per square kilometre
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (IDA & IBRD) 40,819 current US$ per square kilometre
- Pacific island small states 38,847 current US$ per square kilometre
- IDA total 29,989 current US$ per square kilometre
- IDA only 21,520 current US$ per square kilometre
- Least developed countries 19,618 current US$ per square kilometre
- Sub-Saharan Africa 19,226 current US$ per square kilometre
- Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries) 19,226 current US$ per square kilometre
- Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) 19,201 current US$ per square kilometre
How this figure is calculated
Gross fixed capital formation (current US$) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Gross fixed capital formation (current US$) ÷ Land area (sq. km)
Computed from
- Gross fixed capital formation Country official statistics, National Statistical Offices (NSOs)
- Land area FAOSTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
Gross fixed capital formation (current US$) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.