How does Lower middle income rank for gross fixed capital formation (current us$), per square kilometre?

Lower middle income ranks 24th out of 43 groups with data for 2023.

Is gross fixed capital formation (current us$), per square kilometre rising or falling in Lower middle income?

Over the last ten years it is up 63.5%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.

Gross fixed capital formation (current US$), per square kilometre in Lower middle income

Name: Gross fixed capital formation (current US$), per square kilometre in Lower middle income
Creator: Statizoid (derived)
License: Derived by Statizoid from the sources named on the page

Lower middle income: Gross fixed capital formation (current US$), per square kilometre was 100,281 current US$ per square kilometre in 2023. ◆ Volatile

Latest (2023)

100,281 current US$ per square kilometre

Change on year

up 1.4%

Rank

24th

of 43 groups

All-time high

100,281 current US$ per square kilometre

in 2023

All-time low

802.69 current US$ per square kilometre

in 1961

Years of data

1961–2023

Gross fixed capital formation (current US$), per square kilometre in Lower middle income, 1961–2023

Source: Statizoid (derived). Measured in current US$ per square kilometre.

Analysis

Lower middle income recorded 100,281 current US$ per square kilometre for gross fixed capital formation (current us$), per square kilometre in 2023. That is the highest value across all 63 years on record.

The figure is up 1.4% on the previous year and up 63.5% over ten years.

Over the whole period, gross fixed capital formation (current us$), per square kilometre in Lower middle income peaked at 100,281 current US$ per square kilometre in 2023 and was at its lowest, 802.69 current US$ per square kilometre, in 1961.

That places Lower middle income 24th out of 43 groups with data for 2023, putting it in the middle of the range.

The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.

Gross fixed capital formation (current US$), per square kilometre in Lower middle income, year by year

Annual values for Gross fixed capital formation (current US$), per square kilometre in Lower middle income, 1961 to 2023.
Year	current US$ per square kilometre	Change
1961	802.69 current US$ per square kilometre	—
1962	861.73 current US$ per square kilometre	+7.4%
1963	976.71 current US$ per square kilometre	+13.3%
1964	1,111 current US$ per square kilometre	+13.8%
1965	1,220 current US$ per square kilometre	+9.8%
1966	1,034 current US$ per square kilometre	-15.2%
1967	1,099 current US$ per square kilometre	+6.2%
1968	1,178 current US$ per square kilometre	+7.2%
1969	1,288 current US$ per square kilometre	+9.3%
1970	1,375 current US$ per square kilometre	+6.8%
1971	1,565 current US$ per square kilometre	+13.8%
1972	1,693 current US$ per square kilometre	+8.2%
1973	1,909 current US$ per square kilometre	+12.8%
1974	2,313 current US$ per square kilometre	+21.1%
1975	2,904 current US$ per square kilometre	+25.5%
1976	3,412 current US$ per square kilometre	+17.5%
1977	4,321 current US$ per square kilometre	+26.7%
1978	5,090 current US$ per square kilometre	+17.8%
1979	5,561 current US$ per square kilometre	+9.2%
1980	6,189 current US$ per square kilometre	+11.3%
1981	6,727 current US$ per square kilometre	+8.7%
1982	7,037 current US$ per square kilometre	+4.6%
1983	6,898 current US$ per square kilometre	-2.0%
1984	6,376 current US$ per square kilometre	-7.6%
1985	7,009 current US$ per square kilometre	+9.9%
1986	7,892 current US$ per square kilometre	+12.6%
1987	8,636 current US$ per square kilometre	+9.4%
1988	9,195 current US$ per square kilometre	+6.5%
1989	9,084 current US$ per square kilometre	-1.2%
1990	10,024 current US$ per square kilometre	+10.3%
1991	8,805 current US$ per square kilometre	-12.2%
1992	9,053 current US$ per square kilometre	+2.8%
1993	8,556 current US$ per square kilometre	-5.5%
1994	9,553 current US$ per square kilometre	+11.7%
1995	11,056 current US$ per square kilometre	+15.7%
1996	12,024 current US$ per square kilometre	+8.8%
1997	12,957 current US$ per square kilometre	+7.8%
1998	13,238 current US$ per square kilometre	+2.2%
1999	14,528 current US$ per square kilometre	+9.7%
2000	14,472 current US$ per square kilometre	-0.4%
2001	15,934 current US$ per square kilometre	+10.1%
2002	15,843 current US$ per square kilometre	-0.6%
2003	18,222 current US$ per square kilometre	+15.0%
2004	22,275 current US$ per square kilometre	+22.2%
2005	26,777 current US$ per square kilometre	+20.2%
2006	31,494 current US$ per square kilometre	+17.6%
2007	41,968 current US$ per square kilometre	+33.3%
2008	44,040 current US$ per square kilometre	+4.9%
2009	46,897 current US$ per square kilometre	+6.5%
2010	54,351 current US$ per square kilometre	+15.9%
2011	60,729 current US$ per square kilometre	+11.7%
2012	61,468 current US$ per square kilometre	+1.2%
2013	61,344 current US$ per square kilometre	-0.2%
2014	63,155 current US$ per square kilometre	+3.0%
2015	61,618 current US$ per square kilometre	-2.4%
2016	65,040 current US$ per square kilometre	+5.6%
2017	72,404 current US$ per square kilometre	+11.3%
2018	77,540 current US$ per square kilometre	+7.1%
2019	78,877 current US$ per square kilometre	+1.7%
2020	72,402 current US$ per square kilometre	-8.2%
2021	88,365 current US$ per square kilometre	+22.0%
2022	98,891 current US$ per square kilometre	+11.9%
2023	100,281 current US$ per square kilometre	+1.4%

Averages by decade

Decade	Average	Lowest	Highest	Years
1960s	1,064 current US$ per square kilometre	802.69 current US$ per square kilometre	1,288 current US$ per square kilometre	9
1970s	3,014 current US$ per square kilometre	1,375 current US$ per square kilometre	5,561 current US$ per square kilometre	10
1980s	7,504 current US$ per square kilometre	6,189 current US$ per square kilometre	9,195 current US$ per square kilometre	10
1990s	10,979 current US$ per square kilometre	8,556 current US$ per square kilometre	14,528 current US$ per square kilometre	10
2000s	27,792 current US$ per square kilometre	14,472 current US$ per square kilometre	46,897 current US$ per square kilometre	10
2010s	65,653 current US$ per square kilometre	54,351 current US$ per square kilometre	78,877 current US$ per square kilometre	10
2020s	89,985 current US$ per square kilometre	72,402 current US$ per square kilometre	100,281 current US$ per square kilometre	4

Countries ranked near Lower middle income

21 Puerto Rico 1.84 million current US$ per square kilometre compare
22 Italy 1.77 million current US$ per square kilometre compare
23 Kuwait 1.69 million current US$ per square kilometre compare
24 Austria 1.55 million current US$ per square kilometre compare
25 Mauritius 1.43 million current US$ per square kilometre compare
26 France 1.29 million current US$ per square kilometre compare
27 Czechia 1.25 million current US$ per square kilometre compare

See the full ranking of 220 places →

More economy & growth data for Lower middle income

Final consumption expenditure (current US$), per unit of GDP 0.8093 current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
Exports of goods and services (constant 2015 US$), annual growth rate 7.59 % change on previous year (2025)
Final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$), per capita 1,919 constant 2015 US$ per person (2025)
Final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$), per unit of GDP 0.7732 constant 2015 US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
Final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$), annual growth rate 6.61 % change on previous year (2025)
Final consumption expenditure (current US$), per capita 2,008 current US$ per person (2025)
Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (constant 2015) 1,785 constant 2015 US$ per person (2025)
Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (constant 2015) 6.82 % change on previous year (2025)
Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (constant 2015) 0.7194 constant 2015 US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
Gross national expenditure (current US$), annual growth rate 6.13 % change on previous year (2025)

All data for Lower middle income →

Frequently asked questions

What is gross fixed capital formation (current us$), per square kilometre in Lower middle income?: Gross fixed capital formation (current us$), per square kilometre in Lower middle income was 100,281 current US$ per square kilometre in 2023, according to Statizoid (derived).
What is the highest gross fixed capital formation (current us$), per square kilometre recorded in Lower middle income?: The highest recorded value was 100,281 current US$ per square kilometre in 2023.
What is the lowest gross fixed capital formation (current us$), per square kilometre recorded in Lower middle income?: The lowest recorded value was 802.69 current US$ per square kilometre in 1961.
How does Lower middle income rank for gross fixed capital formation (current us$), per square kilometre?: Lower middle income ranks 24th out of 43 groups with data for 2023.
Is gross fixed capital formation (current us$), per square kilometre rising or falling in Lower middle income?: Over the last ten years it is up 63.5%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
Where does this Lower middle income data come from?: The figures come from Statizoid (derived), published as part of Gross fixed capital formation (current US$), per square kilometre. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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Gross fixed capital formation (current US$), per square kilometre in Lower middle income. Statizoid, drawing on Statizoid (derived). Retrieved 09 September 2026, from https://economy.statizoid.com/stat/gross-fixed-capital-formation-current-us-per-square-kilometre/lower-middle-income/

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How this figure is calculated

Gross fixed capital formation (current US$) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.

Gross fixed capital formation (current US$) ÷ Land area (sq. km)

Computed from

Gross fixed capital formation Country official statistics, National Statistical Offices (NSOs)
Land area FAOSTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.

About this data

Indicator: Gross fixed capital formation (current US$), per square kilometre
Unit: current US$ per square kilometre
Source: Statizoid (derived)
Licence: Derived by Statizoid from the sources named on the page
Coverage: 220 places, 9,727 data points, 1961–2023
Last refreshed: 07 September 2026

Gross fixed capital formation (current US$) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.