Cash surplus/deficit as a proportion of GDP (%) by country
Countries reporting
145
Highest
-0.0%
Somalia
Lowest
-103.6%
Naoero
Median
-26.7%
Years covered
25
2000–2024
Data points
3,307
What the numbers show
Cash surplus/deficit as a proportion of GDP (%) is currently reported for 145 countries. The highest value is -0.0% in Somalia; the lowest is -103.6% in Naoero.
The median across all reporting countries is -26.7%, and the mean is -27.7%.
Over the past decade 45 countries rose and 99 fell. The largest increase was in Lebanon (up 76.1%), and the largest decrease in Indonesia (down 436.7%).
Cash surplus/deficit as a proportion of GDP: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Somalia | -0.0% | 2023 | down 71.4% | falling |
| 2 | Republic of Korea | -1.0% | 2023 | down 183.0% | volatile |
| 3 | Indonesia | -1.6% | 2009 | down 436.7% | volatile |
| 3 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | -12.4% | 2022 | up 10.3% | falling |
| 4 | United Arab Emirates | -3.8% | 2023 | up 1.3% | falling |
| 5 | Ethiopia | -6.1% | 2023 | up 40.1% | rising |
| 6 | Lebanon | -6.3% | 2021 | up 76.1% | rising |
| 7 | Bangladesh | -8.3% | 2021 | up 15.4% | flat |
| 8 | Sudan | -9.7% | 2016 | up 37.9% | rising |
| 9 | Zimbabwe | -11.0% | 2018 | down 16.0% | flat |
| 10 | Tajikistan | -11.0% | 2023 | — | falling |
| 11 | Equatorial Guinea | -11.0% | 2022 | down 54.8% | falling |
| 12 | Madagascar | -11.2% | 2023 | down 18.6% | falling |
| 12 | Türkiye | -33.0% | 2023 | down 13.9% | flat |
| 13 | Central African Republic | -11.7% | 2021 | up 13.4% | rising |
| 14 | Burundi | -12.2% | 2021 | up 38.9% | rising |
| 14 | Timor-Leste | -52.5% | 2022 | up 32.8% | rising |
| 15 | Mali | -12.2% | 2020 | down 13.8% | falling |
| 16 | Cameroon | -12.4% | 2021 | up 2.6% | rising |
| 17 | Cambodia | -12.9% | 2023 | down 42.0% | falling |
| 18 | India | -13.3% | 2022 | up 17.5% | rising |
| 18 | Cabo Verde | -30.9% | 2020 | down 71.7% | flat |
| 19 | Guatemala | -13.5% | 2023 | down 3.6% | falling |
| 20 | Myanmar | -13.8% | 2019 | down 30.6% | volatile |
| 21 | Gabon | -14.1% | 2021 | up 13.7% | rising |
| 22 | Angola | -14.7% | 2019 | up 33.2% | rising |
| 23 | Guinea-Bissau | -15.2% | 2023 | down 15.2% | falling |
| 24 | Togo | -15.9% | 2023 | down 23.7% | falling |
| 25 | Congo | -16.1% | 2021 | down 58.5% | rising |
| 26 | Nicaragua | -16.3% | 2023 | down 7.9% | falling |
| 27 | Uganda | -16.6% | 2023 | down 54.1% | falling |
| 28 | Switzerland | -16.7% | 2023 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 29 | Philippines | -16.9% | 2023 | down 27.8% | falling |
| 30 | Malaysia | -17.0% | 2023 | up 17.4% | flat |
| 31 | Panama | -17.1% | 2021 | down 32.8% | falling |
| 32 | Singapore | -17.3% | 2023 | down 39.8% | falling |
| 33 | Kazakhstan | -17.4% | 2023 | down 19.4% | falling |
| 34 | Saint Lucia | -17.6% | 2017 | down 31.7% | falling |
| 35 | Dominican Republic | -18.1% | 2023 | down 16.7% | falling |
| 36 | Sri Lanka | -18.1% | 2023 | down 27.9% | rising |
| 37 | Rwanda | -18.6% | 2023 | down 6.6% | falling |
| 38 | Paraguay | -19.0% | 2023 | down 32.0% | falling |
| 39 | Ireland | -19.2% | 2022 | up 51.9% | rising |
| 40 | Canada | -19.3% | 2023 | down 12.7% | falling |
| 41 | Nepal | -19.4% | 2021 | down 39.5% | falling |
| 42 | Burkina Faso | -19.6% | 2023 | down 58.7% | falling |
| 43 | Malawi | -20.2% | 2022 | down 69.9% | falling |
| 44 | Papua New Guinea | -20.3% | 2023 | up 6.6% | rising |
| 45 | Bahamas | -20.3% | 2023 | down 25.2% | falling |
| 46 | Thailand | -20.8% | 2023 | down 4.8% | falling |
| 47 | Armenia | -20.9% | 2023 | up 7.5% | falling |
| 48 | Argentina | -21.0% | 2023 | up 14.5% | falling |
| 49 | Belize | -22.3% | 2017 | down 24.5% | falling |
| 50 | Mexico | -22.4% | 2023 | down 8.3% | falling |
| 51 | Ghana | -22.7% | 2022 | up 15.6% | flat |
| 52 | Peru | -22.8% | 2021 | down 29.6% | falling |
| 53 | Azerbaijan | -23.0% | 2022 | down 3.7% | falling |
| 54 | Uzbekistan | -23.4% | 2023 | down 54.5% | falling |
| 55 | Senegal | -23.6% | 2023 | down 28.8% | falling |
| 56 | Kyrgyzstan | -23.7% | 2023 | up 8.8% | rising |
| 57 | Bhutan | -24.1% | 2020 | down 19.6% | falling |
| 58 | Saudi Arabia | -24.2% | 2023 | up 4.5% | flat |
| 59 | Honduras | -24.4% | 2020 | down 7.2% | falling |
| 60 | Chile | -24.6% | 2023 | down 21.7% | falling |
| 61 | Eswatini | -24.6% | 2021 | down 8.5% | falling |
| 62 | Seychelles | -24.6% | 2008 | up 39.3% | rising |
| 63 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | -24.7% | 2017 | down 25.8% | falling |
| 64 | Zambia | -25.1% | 2021 | down 73.4% | falling |
| 65 | Georgia | -25.2% | 2023 | down 2.6% | falling |
| 66 | Albania | -25.4% | 2023 | down 5.4% | falling |
| 67 | Mozambique | -26.0% | 2022 | down 16.9% | falling |
| 68 | Bahrain | -26.1% | 2020 | down 39.8% | falling |
| 69 | Botswana | -26.4% | 2024 | up 9.5% | rising |
| 70 | Morocco | -26.6% | 2023 | down 3.6% | falling |
| 71 | Samoa | -26.7% | 2023 | up 7.2% | falling |
| 72 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | -26.7% | 2020 | down 6.1% | falling |
| 73 | Jamaica | -27.5% | 2020 | up 5.0% | rising |
| 74 | Australia | -27.6% | 2022 | down 6.0% | falling |
| 75 | Iraq | -27.6% | 2019 | down 7.4% | flat |
| 76 | El Salvador | -27.7% | 2023 | down 20.4% | falling |
| 77 | Fiji | -27.8% | 2023 | down 13.8% | falling |
| 78 | Kenya | -27.8% | 2023 | down 35.6% | falling |
| 79 | Vanuatu | -28.3% | 2023 | down 29.4% | falling |
| 80 | Jordan | -28.4% | 2023 | down 8.4% | rising |
| 81 | Belarus | -28.5% | 2023 | down 0.8% | flat |
| 82 | Australia and New Zealand | -28.5% | 2022 | down 5.3% | falling |
| 83 | Barbados | -28.8% | 2016 | down 7.0% | falling |
| 84 | Solomon Islands | -28.9% | 2022 | down 14.2% | falling |
| 85 | Costa Rica | -28.9% | 2023 | down 9.0% | falling |
| 86 | Mauritius | -29.1% | 2023 | down 36.6% | falling |
| 87 | Maldives | -29.5% | 2021 | down 31.6% | falling |
| 88 | Russian Federation | -29.6% | 2023 | down 20.3% | falling |
| 89 | Egypt | -30.2% | 2015 | down 10.4% | falling |
| 90 | Ecuador | -30.4% | 2022 | up 9.2% | rising |
| 91 | Germany | -31.2% | 2022 | down 11.6% | flat |
| 92 | Mongolia | -31.7% | 2021 | down 29.7% | falling |
| 93 | Iceland | -32.1% | 2023 | up 6.8% | flat |
| 94 | Brazil | -32.4% | 2023 | down 15.2% | falling |
| 95 | Sweden | -32.5% | 2022 | up 1.5% | flat |
| 96 | Trinidad and Tobago | -33.3% | 2019 | down 0.9% | falling |
| 97 | Colombia | -33.3% | 2023 | down 0.2% | falling |
| 98 | Denmark | -33.3% | 2023 | up 17.3% | flat |
| 99 | North Macedonia | -33.4% | 2023 | down 18.2% | falling |
| 100 | South Africa | -33.4% | 2022 | down 10.1% | falling |
| 101 | Malta | -33.7% | 2023 | up 13.3% | rising |
| 102 | Tunisia | -33.8% | 2012 | down 31.5% | falling |
| 103 | Spain | -34.0% | 2023 | up 3.7% | falling |
| 104 | Lithuania | -34.1% | 2023 | down 3.1% | flat |
| 105 | Latvia | -34.2% | 2023 | down 7.9% | falling |
| 106 | Czechia | -34.4% | 2022 | up 5.2% | flat |
| 107 | Tonga | -34.7% | 2023 | down 25.3% | falling |
| 108 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | -35.3% | 2023 | up 5.5% | flat |
| 109 | Serbia | -35.5% | 2022 | down 0.1% | falling |
| 110 | New Zealand | -35.5% | 2022 | down 1.6% | falling |
| 111 | Bulgaria | -35.8% | 2023 | down 8.6% | falling |
| 112 | Norway | -35.9% | 2023 | down 5.0% | falling |
| 113 | Namibia | -36.5% | 2023 | down 3.0% | falling |
| 114 | Uruguay | -37.0% | 2023 | down 26.5% | falling |
| 115 | Portugal | -37.2% | 2023 | up 18.5% | falling |
| 116 | Romania | -37.3% | 2022 | down 15.5% | falling |
| 117 | Israel | -37.4% | 2023 | down 3.5% | rising |
| 118 | Estonia | -37.7% | 2023 | down 10.5% | falling |
| 119 | Croatia | -38.1% | 2023 | up 5.4% | rising |
| 120 | Cyprus | -38.5% | 2023 | up 14.4% | falling |
| 121 | Poland | -39.1% | 2023 | down 8.9% | rising |
| 122 | Afghanistan | -39.2% | 2017 | down 61.8% | falling |
| 123 | Belgium | -39.7% | 2022 | up 13.1% | flat |
| 124 | Slovakia | -39.8% | 2022 | down 1.6% | rising |
| 125 | Netherlands (Kingdom of the) | -40.0% | 2023 | up 5.8% | falling |
| 126 | Lesotho | -40.2% | 2022 | down 0.4% | falling |
| 127 | San Marino | -40.5% | 2023 | up 12.0% | falling |
| 128 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | -41.2% | 2023 | down 3.0% | falling |
| 129 | Luxembourg | -42.2% | 2023 | down 9.5% | falling |
| 130 | Hungary | -42.4% | 2022 | up 5.1% | flat |
| 131 | Slovenia | -42.9% | 2023 | up 21.4% | flat |
| 132 | Finland | -44.9% | 2023 | down 11.5% | falling |
| 133 | Austria | -46.0% | 2023 | up 2.6% | flat |
| 134 | France | -47.3% | 2023 | up 3.7% | falling |
| 135 | Italy | -47.3% | 2023 | down 8.1% | falling |
| 136 | Greece | -47.3% | 2023 | up 22.9% | falling |
| 137 | Palau | -58.3% | 2020 | down 16.7% | rising |
| 138 | Marshall Islands | -59.4% | 2020 | down 9.3% | falling |
| 139 | Ukraine | -65.6% | 2023 | down 69.5% | falling |
| 140 | Kiribati | -84.5% | 2023 | down 40.5% | falling |
| 141 | Naoero | -103.6% | 2020 | down 19.4% | falling |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Iran (Islamic Republic of) 0.5%
- South-Eastern Asia -11.1%
- Lao People's Democratic Republic -10.3%
- Southern Asia -13.4%
- Central and Southern Asia -14.0%
- Least Developed Countries (LDCs) -13.1%
- Eastern Africa -17.2%
- Middle Africa -13.3%
- Côte d'Ivoire -17.9%
- United Republic of Tanzania -16.4%
- Central Asia -19.0%
- Small island developing states (SIDS) -17.3%
- China, Macao Special Administrative Region -19.6%
- Landlocked developing countries (LLDCs) -18.1%
- Central America -22.3%
- Melanesia -21.7%
- Northern America -24.4%
- Bolivia (Plurinational State of) -21.8%
- United States of America -24.9%
- Micronesia (Federated States of) -23.4%
- Americas -25.0%
- Western Asia -26.1%
- Latin America and the Caribbean -27.6%
- Republic of Moldova -34.5%
- Oceania -28.4%
- World -28.6%
- Northern Africa and Western Asia -29.2%
- South America -30.0%
- Europe and Northern America -31.1%
- Southern Africa -33.2%
- Eastern Europe -33.3%
- Western Europe -37.4%
- Europe -39.7%
- Northern Europe -40.0%
- Southern Europe -41.9%