Gross national expenditure (current US$), per square kilometre by country
Gross national expenditure (current US$) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Countries reporting
183
Highest
843.96 million current US$ per square kilometre
Macau, China
Lowest
5,310 current US$ per square kilometre
Central African Republic
Median
534,472 current US$ per square kilometre
Years covered
63
1961–2023
Data points
10,214
What the numbers show
Gross national expenditure (current US$), per square kilometre is currently reported for 183 countries. The highest value is 843.96 million current US$ per square kilometre in Macau, China; the lowest is 5,310 current US$ per square kilometre in Central African Republic.
The median across all reporting countries is 534,472 current US$ per square kilometre, and the mean is 12.66 million current US$ per square kilometre.
Over the past decade 155 countries rose and 26 fell. The largest increase was in Lao People's Democratic Republic (up 373.7%), and the largest decrease in Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of (down 64.4%).
Gross national expenditure (current US$), per square kilometre: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Macau, China | 843.96 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 23.6% | volatile |
| 2 | Singapore | 444.87 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 32.7% | volatile |
| 3 | Hong Kong, China | 360.77 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 38.2% | volatile |
| 4 | Bermuda | 107.87 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 23.3% | rising |
| 5 | Malta | 57.72 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 85.8% | volatile |
| 6 | Bahrain | 47.72 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 31.0% | volatile |
| 7 | Netherlands | 30.37 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 28.7% | volatile |
| 8 | Luxembourg | 23.39 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 36.3% | rising |
| 9 | San Marino | 23.31 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 36.0% | rising |
| 10 | Israel | 23.09 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 70.2% | volatile |
| 11 | Maldives | 22.50 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 118.9% | rising |
| 12 | Belgium | 21.42 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 24.3% | rising |
| 13 | Switzerland | 20.94 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 28.3% | volatile |
| 14 | Aruba | 19.57 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 18.9% | rising |
| 15 | Republic of Korea | 18.83 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 33.6% | volatile |
| 16 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 14.30 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 22.1% | volatile |
| 17 | Puerto Rico | 13.40 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 43.5% | volatile |
| 18 | Qatar | 12.93 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2022 | up 52.1% | volatile |
| 19 | Germany | 12.54 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 21.9% | volatile |
| 20 | Japan | 12.21 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 17.6% | volatile |
| 21 | Denmark | 9.21 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 13.9% | volatile |
| 22 | Curaçao | 8.84 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2018 | up 5.5% | flat |
| 23 | Italy | 7.71 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 8.4% | volatile |
| 24 | Kuwait | 7.49 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 37.1% | volatile |
| 25 | Mauritius | 7.35 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 9.3% | volatile |
| 26 | United Arab Emirates | 6.16 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 68.0% | rising |
| 27 | Austria | 6.15 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 22.2% | volatile |
| 28 | France | 5.77 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 9.7% | volatile |
| 29 | Ireland | 5.45 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 95.3% | volatile |
| 30 | Seychelles | 5.33 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 71.5% | volatile |
| 31 | Palestine, State of | 4.37 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 43.6% | volatile |
| 32 | Czechia | 4.25 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 63.4% | volatile |
| 33 | Cyprus | 3.72 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 45.8% | volatile |
| 34 | Bangladesh | 3.54 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 188.8% | volatile |
| 35 | Slovenia | 3.21 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 41.7% | rising |
| 36 | Portugal | 3.15 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 28.9% | volatile |
| 37 | United States of America | 3.13 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 64.7% | volatile |
| 38 | Spain | 3.12 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 19.0% | volatile |
| 39 | Faroe Islands | 2.85 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 43.2% | rising |
| 40 | Lebanon | 2.81 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 53.9% | volatile |
| 41 | Slovakia | 2.73 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 39.4% | volatile |
| 42 | Dominican Republic | 2.68 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 95.1% | volatile |
| 43 | Poland | 2.50 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 49.4% | rising |
| 44 | Brunei Darussalam | 2.29 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 10.9% | rising |
| 45 | French Polynesia | 2.26 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 9.3% | flat |
| 46 | Hungary | 2.24 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 59.4% | rising |
| 47 | Marshall Islands | 2.16 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 32.1% | rising |
| 48 | El Salvador | 1.98 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 54.2% | volatile |
| 49 | Greece | 1.98 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 5.2% | volatile |
| 50 | China | 1.90 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 87.3% | volatile |
| 51 | Philippines | 1.67 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 69.8% | volatile |
| 52 | Costa Rica | 1.63 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 59.0% | volatile |
| 53 | Romania | 1.59 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 90.4% | volatile |
| 54 | Croatia | 1.56 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 43.3% | rising |
| 55 | Bahamas | 1.52 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 37.4% | volatile |
| 56 | Türkiye | 1.51 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 15.9% | volatile |
| 57 | Sri Lanka | 1.39 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 5.7% | volatile |
| 58 | Sweden | 1.38 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 0.2% | volatile |
| 59 | Viet Nam | 1.31 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 95.4% | volatile |
| 60 | Tonga | 1.24 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 45.6% | volatile |
| 61 | Lithuania | 1.23 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 69.5% | volatile |
| 62 | India | 1.20 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 87.9% | volatile |
| 63 | Norway | 1.17 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 10.8% | volatile |
| 64 | Malaysia | 1.16 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 28.8% | volatile |
| 65 | Guatemala | 1.12 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 101.0% | volatile |
| 66 | Panama | 1.10 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 67.1% | volatile |
| 67 | Cuba | 1.03 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2020 | up 93.0% | volatile |
| 68 | Serbia | 1.01 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 62.2% | rising |
| 69 | New Zealand | 999,013 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 40.0% | volatile |
| 70 | Comoros | 975,363 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 34.2% | volatile |
| 71 | Thailand | 973,799 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 22.8% | volatile |
| 72 | Finland | 970,934 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 7.8% | volatile |
| 73 | Mexico | 963,759 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 34.2% | volatile |
| 74 | Estonia | 961,451 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 68.7% | volatile |
| 75 | Palau | 951,846 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 46.5% | rising |
| 76 | Albania | 904,624 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 64.1% | volatile |
| 77 | Bulgaria | 902,758 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 74.6% | volatile |
| 78 | Armenia | 869,703 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 84.2% | volatile |
| 79 | Sao Tome and Principe | 852,181 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 102.6% | rising |
| 80 | Haiti | 844,028 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 30.4% | volatile |
| 81 | Azerbaijan | 749,637 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 7.3% | volatile |
| 82 | Cape Verde | 723,836 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 29.4% | rising |
| 83 | Kiribati | 723,443 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 63.9% | rising |
| 84 | Rwanda | 717,167 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 97.9% | volatile |
| 85 | Latvia | 712,629 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 45.5% | rising |
| 86 | North Macedonia | 710,400 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 40.3% | rising |
| 87 | Montenegro | 672,547 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 70.1% | rising |
| 88 | Indonesia | 668,195 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 37.2% | volatile |
| 89 | Republic of Moldova | 628,126 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 65.4% | volatile |
| 90 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 624,504 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 34.2% | rising |
| 91 | New Caledonia | 580,728 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 17.9% | rising |
| 92 | Saudi Arabia | 534,472 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 87.7% | volatile |
| 93 | Samoa | 505,647 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 79.0% | rising |
| 94 | Iraq | 494,624 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 19.9% | volatile |
| 95 | Ecuador | 485,698 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 26.6% | volatile |
| 96 | Georgia | 481,076 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 70.5% | volatile |
| 97 | Pakistan | 469,425 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 31.3% | volatile |
| 98 | Chile | 448,109 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 19.0% | volatile |
| 99 | Uruguay | 436,118 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 20.8% | volatile |
| 100 | Egypt | 406,642 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 32.0% | volatile |
| 101 | Honduras | 380,910 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 91.3% | volatile |
| 102 | Equatorial Guinea | 380,410 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 32.1% | rising |
| 103 | Ukraine | 378,172 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 6.3% | volatile |
| 104 | Ghana | 356,998 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 17.6% | volatile |
| 105 | Nepal | 354,877 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 88.9% | volatile |
| 106 | Morocco | 354,318 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 29.3% | volatile |
| 107 | Colombia | 345,630 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 1.4% | volatile |
| 108 | Belarus | 344,558 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 10.5% | volatile |
| 109 | Fiji | 333,541 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 29.2% | volatile |
| 110 | Tunisia | 329,054 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 4.0% | volatile |
| 111 | Iceland | 312,177 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 109.3% | volatile |
| 112 | South Africa | 310,555 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 8.0% | volatile |
| 113 | Gambia | 305,729 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 105.3% | volatile |
| 114 | Oman | 285,687 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 22.2% | volatile |
| 115 | Iran, Islamic Republic of | 281,466 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 3.3% | volatile |
| 116 | Eswatini | 275,989 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 4.7% | rising |
| 117 | Uzbekistan | 274,059 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 36.5% | volatile |
| 118 | Jordan | 266,673 current US$ per square kilometre | 2007 | up 165.6% | volatile |
| 119 | Côte d'Ivoire | 264,051 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 96.3% | volatile |
| 120 | Brazil | 256,198 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 15.4% | volatile |
| 121 | Uganda | 252,922 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 57.1% | volatile |
| 122 | Canada | 249,679 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 19.3% | volatile |
| 123 | Argentina | 240,447 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 19.1% | volatile |
| 124 | Cambodia | 239,114 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 92.0% | volatile |
| 125 | Australia | 215,661 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 3.3% | volatile |
| 126 | Peru | 202,205 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 28.4% | volatile |
| 127 | Timor-Leste | 200,646 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 26.9% | rising |
| 128 | Senegal | 199,904 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 75.5% | volatile |
| 129 | Togo | 198,014 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 57.0% | volatile |
| 130 | Kenya | 194,878 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 62.4% | volatile |
| 131 | Benin | 182,592 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 58.1% | volatile |
| 132 | Malawi | 168,252 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 49.8% | rising |
| 133 | Nicaragua | 167,624 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 52.3% | rising |
| 134 | Djibouti | 141,978 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 19.3% | rising |
| 135 | Belize | 131,682 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 57.0% | volatile |
| 136 | Ethiopia | 129,319 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 162.9% | rising |
| 137 | Russian Federation | 119,013 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 10.6% | volatile |
| 138 | Vanuatu | 118,253 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 62.6% | volatile |
| 139 | Tajikistan | 116,358 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 24.5% | volatile |
| 140 | Kyrgyzstan | 109,787 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 92.0% | volatile |
| 141 | Lesotho | 108,597 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 11.2% | volatile |
| 142 | Cameroon | 107,586 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 47.3% | volatile |
| 143 | Paraguay | 106,827 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 14.9% | volatile |
| 144 | Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 106,738 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 64.4% | volatile |
| 145 | Sierra Leone | 100,762 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 18.9% | volatile |
| 146 | Algeria | 100,096 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 6.4% | volatile |
| 147 | Bhutan | 98,713 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 61.1% | volatile |
| 148 | Zimbabwe | 98,345 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 73.7% | volatile |
| 149 | Guinea | 98,090 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 125.7% | volatile |
| 150 | Tanzania, United Republic of | 92,683 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 57.2% | volatile |
| 151 | Kazakhstan | 88,336 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 19.1% | volatile |
| 152 | Guinea-Bissau | 84,896 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 89.5% | volatile |
| 153 | Burkina Faso | 77,348 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 43.3% | volatile |
| 154 | Angola | 75,080 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 27.6% | rising |
| 155 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 74,925 current US$ per square kilometre | 2016 | up 373.7% | volatile |
| 156 | Solomon Islands | 67,852 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 38.0% | volatile |
| 157 | Yemen | 56,705 current US$ per square kilometre | 2018 | up 5.4% | volatile |
| 158 | Bolivia, Plurinational State of | 50,636 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 92.3% | volatile |
| 159 | Gabon | 48,173 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 7.1% | volatile |
| 160 | Congo | 36,976 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 19.3% | volatile |
| 161 | Afghanistan | 35,391 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | — | volatile |
| 162 | Botswana | 34,945 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 35.4% | volatile |
| 163 | Zambia | 34,079 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 3.1% | flat |
| 164 | Congo, Democratic Republic of the | 31,619 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 97.0% | volatile |
| 165 | Mozambique | 30,550 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 8.9% | volatile |
| 166 | Madagascar | 30,132 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 28.5% | volatile |
| 167 | Turkmenistan | 29,377 current US$ per square kilometre | 2009 | up 330.4% | volatile |
| 168 | Somalia | 27,816 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 135.9% | volatile |
| 169 | Eritrea | 23,434 current US$ per square kilometre | 2011 | up 109.1% | rising |
| 170 | Suriname | 23,258 current US$ per square kilometre | 2010 | — | rising |
| 171 | Mali | 21,943 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 50.9% | volatile |
| 172 | Sudan | 21,414 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 11.2% | falling |
| 173 | Libya | 21,291 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 42.6% | rising |
| 174 | Namibia | 18,746 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 4.4% | volatile |
| 175 | Niger | 15,283 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 68.5% | volatile |
| 176 | Chad | 12,922 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 0.2% | volatile |
| 177 | Syrian Arab Republic | 12,715 current US$ per square kilometre | 1969 | up 136.1% | rising |
| 178 | Mauritania | 11,961 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 53.2% | volatile |
| 179 | Mongolia | 11,924 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 20.4% | volatile |
| 180 | Greenland | 8,939 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 13.4% | rising |
| 181 | Papua New Guinea | 7,523 current US$ per square kilometre | 2004 | down 28.2% | volatile |
| 182 | Guyana | 5,559 current US$ per square kilometre | 2005 | up 58.7% | rising |
| 183 | Central African Republic | 5,310 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 80.3% | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Euro area 5.42 million current US$ per square kilometre
- European Union 4.51 million current US$ per square kilometre
- Central Europe and the Baltics 2.00 million current US$ per square kilometre
- Post-demographic dividend 1.96 million current US$ per square kilometre
- OECD members 1.85 million current US$ per square kilometre
- North America 1.72 million current US$ per square kilometre
- East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries) 1.33 million current US$ per square kilometre
- East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) 1.32 million current US$ per square kilometre
- High income 1.32 million current US$ per square kilometre
- East Asia & Pacific 1.26 million current US$ per square kilometre
- South Asia 1.24 million current US$ per square kilometre
- South Asia (IDA & IBRD) 1.24 million current US$ per square kilometre
- Europe & Central Asia 981,306 current US$ per square kilometre
- World 821,730 current US$ per square kilometre
- Other small states 698,762 current US$ per square kilometre
- Upper middle income 686,777 current US$ per square kilometre
- Late-demographic dividend 626,761 current US$ per square kilometre
- Middle income 595,202 current US$ per square kilometre
- IBRD only 545,047 current US$ per square kilometre
- Low & middle income 490,884 current US$ per square kilometre
- Early-demographic dividend 449,791 current US$ per square kilometre
- IDA & IBRD total 436,832 current US$ per square kilometre
- Small states 388,103 current US$ per square kilometre
- Lower middle income 381,698 current US$ per square kilometre
- Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) 376,362 current US$ per square kilometre
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 363,772 current US$ per square kilometre
- Latin America & Caribbean 347,539 current US$ per square kilometre
- Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries) 333,727 current US$ per square kilometre
- Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) 330,091 current US$ per square kilometre
- Arab World 253,127 current US$ per square kilometre
- Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries) 238,728 current US$ per square kilometre
- Pacific island small states 218,801 current US$ per square kilometre
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income) 206,946 current US$ per square kilometre
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (IDA & IBRD) 204,425 current US$ per square kilometre
- IDA total 140,409 current US$ per square kilometre
- Sub-Saharan Africa 99,858 current US$ per square kilometre
- Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries) 99,858 current US$ per square kilometre
- Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) 99,746 current US$ per square kilometre
- IDA only 90,034 current US$ per square kilometre
- Africa Eastern and Southern 81,318 current US$ per square kilometre
How this figure is calculated
Gross national expenditure (current US$) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Gross national expenditure (current US$) ÷ Land area (sq. km)
Computed from
- Gross national expenditure Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks
- Land area FAOSTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
Gross national expenditure (current US$) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.