Gross capital formation (current US$), per square kilometre by country
Gross capital formation (current US$) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Countries reporting
184
Highest
211.51 million current US$ per square kilometre
Macau, China
Lowest
-6,282 current US$ per square kilometre
Djibouti
Median
103,410 current US$ per square kilometre
Years covered
63
1961–2023
Data points
10,293
What the numbers show
Gross capital formation (current US$), per square kilometre is currently reported for 184 countries. The highest value is 211.51 million current US$ per square kilometre in Macau, China; the lowest is -6,282 current US$ per square kilometre in Djibouti.
The median across all reporting countries is 103,410 current US$ per square kilometre, and the mean is 3.18 million current US$ per square kilometre.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 33,669.
Over the past decade 142 countries rose and 40 fell. The largest increase was in Turkmenistan (up 869.0%), and the largest decrease in Djibouti (down 112.5%).
Gross capital formation (current US$), per square kilometre: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Macau, China | 211.51 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 11.6% | volatile |
| 2 | Singapore | 150.44 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 15.3% | volatile |
| 3 | Hong Kong, China | 58.57 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 7.2% | volatile |
| 4 | Bermuda | 17.87 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 37.0% | rising |
| 5 | Bahrain | 16.84 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 46.3% | volatile |
| 6 | Malta | 14.05 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 143.5% | volatile |
| 7 | Maldives | 7.34 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 113.9% | rising |
| 8 | Netherlands | 6.77 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 40.6% | volatile |
| 9 | Switzerland | 6.71 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 43.3% | volatile |
| 10 | Qatar | 6.29 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2022 | up 43.9% | volatile |
| 11 | Israel | 6.26 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 103.3% | volatile |
| 12 | Korea | 6.03 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 36.9% | volatile |
| 13 | Luxembourg | 5.67 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 23.3% | rising |
| 14 | San Marino | 5.60 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 96.0% | rising |
| 15 | Belgium | 5.40 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 37.6% | rising |
| 16 | Aruba | 3.83 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 6.0% | rising |
| 17 | Japan | 3.34 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 8.9% | rising |
| 18 | Germany | 2.87 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 33.0% | volatile |
| 19 | Curaçao | 2.82 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2018 | up 13.0% | rising |
| 20 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 2.61 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 31.5% | volatile |
| 21 | Denmark | 2.39 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 43.5% | volatile |
| 22 | Ireland | 2.20 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 239.0% | volatile |
| 23 | United Arab Emirates | 1.96 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 60.8% | rising |
| 24 | Puerto Rico | 1.90 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 72.8% | volatile |
| 25 | Italy | 1.81 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 46.0% | volatile |
| 26 | Kuwait | 1.65 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 17.6% | volatile |
| 27 | Austria | 1.63 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 31.6% | volatile |
| 28 | Mauritius | 1.40 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 5.9% | volatile |
| 29 | France | 1.30 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 15.6% | volatile |
| 30 | Czechia | 1.26 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 87.6% | rising |
| 31 | Seychelles | 1.15 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 2.9% | volatile |
| 32 | Bangladesh | 1.04 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 218.4% | volatile |
| 33 | Trinidad and Tobago | 926,598 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 19.9% | rising |
| 34 | Faroe Islands | 903,146 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 117.0% | rising |
| 35 | Brunei Darussalam | 848,653 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 37.6% | volatile |
| 36 | Cyprus | 815,113 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 150.2% | volatile |
| 37 | China | 800,423 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 67.9% | volatile |
| 38 | Palestine, State of | 775,734 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 52.3% | volatile |
| 39 | Slovenia | 774,263 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 64.7% | rising |
| 40 | Dominican Republic | 695,141 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 142.8% | volatile |
| 41 | Spain | 684,515 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 44.4% | volatile |
| 42 | United States of America | 655,811 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 74.4% | volatile |
| 43 | Portugal | 654,091 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 80.0% | volatile |
| 44 | Hungary | 611,404 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 86.4% | volatile |
| 45 | Slovakia | 548,084 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 20.2% | volatile |
| 46 | Türkiye | 512,891 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 30.8% | volatile |
| 47 | Poland | 468,698 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 44.8% | rising |
| 48 | Viet Nam | 438,310 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 112.5% | volatile |
| 49 | Panama | 423,613 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 55.7% | volatile |
| 50 | India | 406,291 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 91.2% | volatile |
| 51 | French Polynesia | 400,507 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 19.4% | falling |
| 52 | Romania | 396,151 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 90.1% | volatile |
| 53 | Croatia | 375,758 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 87.6% | rising |
| 54 | Sweden | 359,143 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 14.4% | volatile |
| 55 | Bahamas | 348,801 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 14.2% | volatile |
| 56 | El Salvador | 348,249 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 92.8% | volatile |
| 57 | Philippines | 343,086 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 74.6% | volatile |
| 58 | Sri Lanka | 329,922 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 30.0% | volatile |
| 59 | Norway | 325,481 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 16.0% | volatile |
| 60 | Greece | 304,734 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 37.1% | volatile |
| 61 | Lithuania | 290,719 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 92.7% | volatile |
| 62 | Marshall Islands | 282,761 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 12.3% | rising |
| 63 | Malaysia | 277,570 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 8.8% | volatile |
| 64 | Costa Rica | 271,600 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 38.9% | volatile |
| 65 | Estonia | 243,864 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 55.0% | volatile |
| 66 | Serbia | 238,122 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 141.1% | rising |
| 67 | New Zealand | 234,524 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 45.5% | volatile |
| 68 | Rwanda | 230,245 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 197.6% | volatile |
| 69 | Thailand | 226,624 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 0.3% | volatile |
| 70 | Finland | 223,585 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 11.0% | volatile |
| 71 | Indonesia | 219,833 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 33.7% | volatile |
| 72 | Mexico | 215,122 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 38.9% | volatile |
| 73 | Palau | 214,339 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 77.6% | rising |
| 74 | Tonga | 212,896 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 44.5% | volatile |
| 75 | Albania | 200,955 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 48.1% | volatile |
| 76 | Armenia | 196,762 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 127.4% | volatile |
| 77 | Bulgaria | 186,293 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 72.5% | volatile |
| 78 | North Macedonia | 186,262 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 50.7% | volatile |
| 79 | Latvia | 169,741 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 43.2% | volatile |
| 80 | Saudi Arabia | 168,715 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 79.2% | volatile |
| 81 | Guatemala | 160,779 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 105.2% | volatile |
| 82 | Azerbaijan | 155,488 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 32.5% | volatile |
| 83 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 145,740 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 89.4% | rising |
| 84 | Montenegro | 144,612 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 133.4% | rising |
| 85 | New Caledonia | 136,597 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 37.5% | volatile |
| 86 | Samoa | 135,568 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 433.3% | rising |
| 87 | Cape Verde | 135,015 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 10.6% | falling |
| 88 | Iraq | 125,666 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 14.7% | volatile |
| 89 | Iran, Islamic Republic of | 123,430 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 15.0% | volatile |
| 90 | Georgia | 110,722 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 102.4% | volatile |
| 91 | Chile | 105,479 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 2.8% | volatile |
| 92 | Comoros | 104,691 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 6.7% | rising |
| 93 | Cuba | 102,129 current US$ per square kilometre | 2020 | up 81.2% | volatile |
| 94 | Republic of Moldova | 101,929 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 41.5% | volatile |
| 95 | Ecuador | 100,815 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 4.2% | volatile |
| 96 | Haiti | 98,604 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 2.0% | volatile |
| 97 | Morocco | 94,887 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 14.3% | volatile |
| 98 | Oman | 91,464 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 2.7% | volatile |
| 99 | Nepal | 89,198 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 94.4% | volatile |
| 100 | Kiribati | 89,096 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 14.0% | rising |
| 101 | Belarus | 88,237 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 38.9% | volatile |
| 102 | Uzbekistan | 80,597 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 66.9% | volatile |
| 103 | Iceland | 79,939 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 228.6% | volatile |
| 104 | Uruguay | 79,909 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 1.4% | volatile |
| 105 | Cambodia | 79,852 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 165.0% | volatile |
| 106 | Honduras | 68,123 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 89.3% | volatile |
| 107 | Senegal | 67,465 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 185.3% | volatile |
| 108 | Egypt | 65,590 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 59.3% | volatile |
| 109 | Gambia | 64,608 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 223.1% | volatile |
| 110 | Côte d'Ivoire | 62,349 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 102.4% | volatile |
| 111 | Pakistan | 61,007 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 21.4% | volatile |
| 112 | Benin | 60,246 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 187.7% | volatile |
| 113 | Fiji | 59,351 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 6.3% | volatile |
| 114 | Canada | 59,078 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 15.2% | volatile |
| 115 | Jordan | 58,692 current US$ per square kilometre | 2007 | up 177.8% | volatile |
| 116 | Ukraine | 56,520 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 4.6% | volatile |
| 117 | Eswatini | 55,959 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 33.7% | rising |
| 118 | Uganda | 55,491 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 20.4% | volatile |
| 119 | Colombia | 54,169 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 29.1% | volatile |
| 120 | Australia | 53,831 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 5.9% | volatile |
| 121 | South Africa | 48,396 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 23.6% | volatile |
| 122 | Argentina | 45,997 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 31.8% | volatile |
| 123 | Sao Tome and Principe | 44,626 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 6.2% | rising |
| 124 | Brazil | 41,317 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 35.6% | volatile |
| 125 | Peru | 40,985 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 2.0% | volatile |
| 126 | Togo | 40,023 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 63.5% | volatile |
| 127 | Algeria | 39,157 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 8.9% | volatile |
| 128 | Lebanon | 37,244 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 97.1% | volatile |
| 129 | Tanzania, United Republic of | 36,582 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 89.4% | volatile |
| 130 | Ghana | 35,814 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 47.7% | volatile |
| 131 | Bhutan | 35,758 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 9.5% | volatile |
| 132 | Russian Federation | 34,115 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 4.7% | volatile |
| 133 | Nicaragua | 32,780 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 16.2% | volatile |
| 134 | Kenya | 30,667 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 26.3% | volatile |
| 135 | Timor-Leste | 28,656 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 26.9% | volatile |
| 136 | Tajikistan | 27,923 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 85.7% | volatile |
| 137 | Kazakhstan | 27,309 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 26.8% | volatile |
| 138 | Kyrgyzstan | 27,274 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 110.4% | volatile |
| 139 | Ethiopia | 26,692 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 85.5% | volatile |
| 140 | Tunisia | 25,468 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 66.0% | volatile |
| 141 | Belize | 25,306 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 100.7% | volatile |
| 142 | Equatorial Guinea | 23,670 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 90.0% | volatile |
| 143 | Paraguay | 22,080 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 3.5% | volatile |
| 144 | Vanuatu | 21,711 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 56.5% | volatile |
| 145 | Guinea | 21,364 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 166.7% | volatile |
| 146 | Malawi | 20,529 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 6.7% | flat |
| 147 | Turkmenistan | 20,045 current US$ per square kilometre | 2009 | up 869.0% | volatile |
| 148 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 19,999 current US$ per square kilometre | 2016 | up 344.3% | volatile |
| 149 | Cameroon | 19,915 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 49.6% | volatile |
| 150 | Guinea-Bissau | 19,341 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 154.9% | volatile |
| 151 | Lesotho | 18,990 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 25.4% | volatile |
| 152 | Sierra Leone | 17,515 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 4.5% | volatile |
| 153 | Burkina Faso | 14,892 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 27.8% | volatile |
| 154 | Gabon | 13,601 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 31.7% | volatile |
| 155 | Zambia | 11,665 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 8.5% | flat |
| 156 | Solomon Islands | 11,420 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 69.7% | volatile |
| 157 | Congo | 11,311 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 54.3% | volatile |
| 158 | Angola | 10,580 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 67.2% | volatile |
| 159 | Congo, Democratic Republic of the | 10,499 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 142.7% | volatile |
| 160 | Botswana | 10,325 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 64.8% | volatile |
| 161 | Suriname | 9,853 current US$ per square kilometre | 2010 | — | rising |
| 162 | Zimbabwe | 9,294 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 104.4% | volatile |
| 163 | Bolivia, Plurinational State of | 9,172 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 70.4% | volatile |
| 164 | Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 6,182 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 93.4% | volatile |
| 165 | Madagascar | 5,903 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 67.4% | volatile |
| 166 | Mozambique | 5,197 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 57.9% | volatile |
| 167 | Mauritania | 4,619 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 38.4% | volatile |
| 168 | Mongolia | 4,421 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 2.7% | volatile |
| 169 | Mali | 4,400 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 41.2% | volatile |
| 170 | Namibia | 4,275 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 0.6% | volatile |
| 171 | Libya | 4,224 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 54.5% | volatile |
| 172 | Somalia | 4,124 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 255.6% | volatile |
| 173 | Niger | 4,029 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 68.0% | volatile |
| 174 | Afghanistan | 4,022 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | — | volatile |
| 175 | Greenland | 2,917 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 48.2% | rising |
| 176 | Chad | 2,811 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 17.1% | volatile |
| 177 | Yemen | 2,528 current US$ per square kilometre | 2018 | down 67.8% | falling |
| 178 | Eritrea | 2,153 current US$ per square kilometre | 2011 | down 18.0% | flat |
| 179 | Syrian Arab Republic | 1,951 current US$ per square kilometre | 1969 | up 163.0% | rising |
| 180 | Papua New Guinea | 1,734 current US$ per square kilometre | 2004 | down 33.2% | volatile |
| 181 | Guyana | 1,355 current US$ per square kilometre | 2005 | up 29.1% | rising |
| 182 | Central African Republic | 974.14 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 377.4% | volatile |
| 183 | Sudan | 464.08 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 88.3% | volatile |
| 184 | Djibouti | -6,282 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 112.5% | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Euro area 1.26 million current US$ per square kilometre
- European Union 1.05 million current US$ per square kilometre
- East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries) 532,834 current US$ per square kilometre
- East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) 529,494 current US$ per square kilometre
- Central Europe and the Baltics 461,725 current US$ per square kilometre
- East Asia & Pacific 454,526 current US$ per square kilometre
- Post-demographic dividend 443,807 current US$ per square kilometre
- OECD members 424,232 current US$ per square kilometre
- South Asia 412,365 current US$ per square kilometre
- South Asia (IDA & IBRD) 412,365 current US$ per square kilometre
- North America 363,464 current US$ per square kilometre
- High income 307,657 current US$ per square kilometre
- Upper middle income 238,311 current US$ per square kilometre
- Europe & Central Asia 234,857 current US$ per square kilometre
- Late-demographic dividend 222,793 current US$ per square kilometre
- World 220,529 current US$ per square kilometre
- Middle income 199,880 current US$ per square kilometre
- IBRD only 181,810 current US$ per square kilometre
- Other small states 167,954 current US$ per square kilometre
- Low & middle income 163,897 current US$ per square kilometre
- IDA & IBRD total 142,842 current US$ per square kilometre
- Early-demographic dividend 126,200 current US$ per square kilometre
- Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) 110,332 current US$ per square kilometre
- Lower middle income 107,583 current US$ per square kilometre
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 105,118 current US$ per square kilometre
- Small states 85,017 current US$ per square kilometre
- Arab World 71,918 current US$ per square kilometre
- Latin America & Caribbean 65,629 current US$ per square kilometre
- Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries) 64,603 current US$ per square kilometre
- Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries) 63,919 current US$ per square kilometre
- Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) 61,053 current US$ per square kilometre
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income) 53,646 current US$ per square kilometre
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (IDA & IBRD) 53,215 current US$ per square kilometre
- Pacific island small states 40,290 current US$ per square kilometre
- IDA total 31,417 current US$ per square kilometre
- IDA only 22,249 current US$ per square kilometre
- Sub-Saharan Africa 19,929 current US$ per square kilometre
- Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries) 19,929 current US$ per square kilometre
- Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) 19,904 current US$ per square kilometre
- Least developed countries 19,901 current US$ per square kilometre
How this figure is calculated
Gross capital formation (current US$) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Gross capital formation (current US$) ÷ Land area (sq. km)
Computed from
- Gross capital formation Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks
- Land area FAOSTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
Gross capital formation (current US$) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.