Gross capital formation (constant 2015 US$), per square kilometre by country
Gross capital formation (constant 2015 US$) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Countries reporting
160
Highest
181.25 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
Macau, China
Lowest
-23,737 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
Djibouti
Median
89,552 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
Years covered
63
1961–2023
Data points
7,878
What the numbers show
Gross capital formation (constant 2015 US$), per square kilometre is currently reported for 160 countries. The highest value is 181.25 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre in Macau, China; the lowest is -23,737 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre in Djibouti.
The median across all reporting countries is 89,552 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre, and the mean is 2.69 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 7,636.
Over the past decade 128 countries rose and 32 fell. The largest increase was in Senegal (up 245.1%), and the largest decrease in Djibouti (down 143.2%).
Gross capital formation (constant 2015 US$), per square kilometre: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Macau, China | 181.25 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 32.2% | volatile |
| 2 | Singapore | 124.12 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 0.7% | volatile |
| 3 | Bermuda | 15.63 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 8.0% | flat |
| 4 | Bahrain | 14.51 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 30.4% | rising |
| 5 | Malta | 11.01 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 117.3% | rising |
| 6 | Qatar | 5.76 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2020 | up 68.0% | volatile |
| 7 | Republic of Korea | 5.63 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 34.0% | volatile |
| 8 | Switzerland | 5.54 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 25.7% | rising |
| 9 | Netherlands | 5.52 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 37.7% | rising |
| 10 | Israel | 4.91 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 67.7% | volatile |
| 11 | Luxembourg | 4.21 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 5.7% | rising |
| 12 | San Marino | 4.18 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 46.1% | rising |
| 13 | Belgium | 4.13 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 26.6% | rising |
| 14 | Japan | 3.43 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 12.7% | rising |
| 15 | Maldives | 2.64 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 39.7% | falling |
| 16 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 2.45 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 25.4% | rising |
| 17 | Germany | 2.21 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 17.8% | rising |
| 18 | Denmark | 2.03 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 44.8% | rising |
| 19 | United Arab Emirates | 1.89 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 69.7% | rising |
| 20 | Ireland | 1.78 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 211.7% | volatile |
| 21 | Kuwait | 1.60 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 21.1% | rising |
| 22 | Italy | 1.54 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 46.7% | rising |
| 23 | Mauritius | 1.33 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 12.8% | volatile |
| 24 | Austria | 1.26 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 18.2% | rising |
| 25 | France | 1.11 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 17.5% | rising |
| 26 | Puerto Rico | 1.07 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 22.1% | rising |
| 27 | Seychelles | 1.07 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 28.9% | volatile |
| 28 | Czechia | 838,750 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 51.8% | rising |
| 29 | Bangladesh | 786,521 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 113.7% | volatile |
| 30 | Brunei Darussalam | 782,571 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 33.6% | rising |
| 31 | China | 747,736 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 62.1% | volatile |
| 32 | Cyprus | 698,884 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 157.7% | rising |
| 33 | Palestine, State of | 693,826 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 30.8% | rising |
| 34 | Dominican Republic | 593,473 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 130.6% | volatile |
| 35 | Slovenia | 590,206 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 48.3% | rising |
| 36 | Spain | 559,659 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 41.3% | rising |
| 37 | United States of America | 540,957 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 40.4% | rising |
| 38 | Portugal | 498,587 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 58.3% | rising |
| 39 | Slovakia | 420,008 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 10.4% | rising |
| 40 | Viet Nam | 407,834 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 98.7% | volatile |
| 41 | Hungary | 404,932 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 35.6% | rising |
| 42 | Poland | 391,279 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 45.3% | rising |
| 43 | Panama | 375,100 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 33.1% | volatile |
| 44 | India | 359,281 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 79.6% | volatile |
| 45 | Sweden | 345,039 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 36.3% | rising |
| 46 | Philippines | 322,836 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 80.7% | volatile |
| 47 | Bahamas | 312,138 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 0.7% | rising |
| 48 | Sri Lanka | 305,542 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 35.2% | falling |
| 49 | Norway | 300,958 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 0.9% | rising |
| 50 | El Salvador | 279,290 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 59.6% | rising |
| 51 | Romania | 275,436 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 53.9% | rising |
| 52 | Marshall Islands | 275,376 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 7.2% | rising |
| 53 | Malaysia | 269,540 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 29.6% | volatile |
| 54 | Greece | 251,348 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 47.0% | rising |
| 55 | Croatia | 245,477 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 45.3% | rising |
| 56 | Costa Rica | 240,376 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 20.0% | volatile |
| 57 | Indonesia | 202,518 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 41.1% | volatile |
| 58 | New Zealand | 197,922 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 39.0% | volatile |
| 59 | Tonga | 188,208 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 47.3% | rising |
| 60 | Lithuania | 185,086 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 65.3% | rising |
| 61 | Finland | 179,900 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 5.7% | rising |
| 62 | Rwanda | 172,029 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 154.8% | volatile |
| 63 | Palau | 170,522 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 36.7% | rising |
| 64 | Estonia | 169,203 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 26.4% | rising |
| 65 | Serbia | 169,144 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 107.8% | rising |
| 66 | Mexico | 156,944 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 12.3% | rising |
| 67 | Latvia | 146,211 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 41.9% | rising |
| 68 | Albania | 144,032 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 27.6% | rising |
| 69 | Armenia | 137,717 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 72.3% | rising |
| 70 | Cape Verde | 129,497 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 0.8% | falling |
| 71 | Samoa | 129,076 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 24.6% | rising |
| 72 | Guatemala | 126,957 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 47.7% | volatile |
| 73 | Bulgaria | 124,873 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 23.0% | rising |
| 74 | Iran, Islamic Republic of | 123,672 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 2.3% | rising |
| 75 | North Macedonia | 122,241 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 20.7% | volatile |
| 76 | Saudi Arabia | 119,989 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 28.3% | rising |
| 77 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 116,804 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 85.0% | rising |
| 78 | Montenegro | 111,962 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 115.7% | rising |
| 79 | Ecuador | 97,240 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 0.0% | volatile |
| 80 | Chile | 90,369 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 0.5% | volatile |
| 81 | Kiribati | 88,734 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 41.2% | rising |
| 82 | Comoros | 87,934 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 32.2% | rising |
| 83 | Morocco | 86,192 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 19.3% | volatile |
| 84 | Nepal | 83,671 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 93.5% | volatile |
| 85 | Oman | 82,403 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 11.8% | rising |
| 86 | Cuba | 79,419 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 13.8% | rising |
| 87 | Georgia | 76,748 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 80.9% | rising |
| 88 | Belarus | 73,893 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 29.3% | volatile |
| 89 | Republic of Moldova | 73,824 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 25.5% | rising |
| 90 | Cambodia | 72,592 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 115.4% | volatile |
| 91 | Togo | 71,794 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 167.7% | volatile |
| 92 | Côte d'Ivoire | 70,359 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 180.8% | volatile |
| 93 | Gambia | 70,291 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 244.3% | volatile |
| 94 | Uruguay | 65,911 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 7.7% | rising |
| 95 | Pakistan | 62,738 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 18.7% | volatile |
| 96 | Uganda | 61,989 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 55.9% | volatile |
| 97 | Senegal | 60,884 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 245.1% | volatile |
| 98 | Iraq | 56,260 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 16.0% | rising |
| 99 | Iceland | 55,929 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 140.6% | rising |
| 100 | Colombia | 54,703 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 3.7% | volatile |
| 101 | Ghana | 53,985 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 8.6% | rising |
| 102 | Egypt | 49,923 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 16.6% | volatile |
| 103 | Honduras | 48,043 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 36.6% | volatile |
| 104 | South Africa | 46,108 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 12.9% | volatile |
| 105 | Canada | 45,614 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 3.5% | rising |
| 106 | Eswatini | 45,338 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 35.7% | rising |
| 107 | Benin | 43,261 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 157.2% | volatile |
| 108 | Algeria | 39,990 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 12.7% | volatile |
| 109 | Argentina | 39,219 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 3.7% | rising |
| 110 | Haiti | 37,792 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 52.7% | rising |
| 111 | Brazil | 35,616 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 27.5% | rising |
| 112 | Bhutan | 34,866 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 15.2% | volatile |
| 113 | Tunisia | 34,528 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 46.8% | volatile |
| 114 | Peru | 34,476 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 8.7% | volatile |
| 115 | Gabon | 34,123 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 104.9% | volatile |
| 116 | Ukraine | 33,647 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 8.5% | falling |
| 117 | Ethiopia | 33,274 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 133.5% | rising |
| 118 | Sao Tome and Principe | 33,065 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 20.8% | rising |
| 119 | Tanzania, United Republic of | 32,271 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 96.0% | volatile |
| 120 | Tajikistan | 32,229 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 79.7% | volatile |
| 121 | Kenya | 31,468 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 29.8% | volatile |
| 122 | Nicaragua | 29,690 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 6.3% | rising |
| 123 | Kyrgyzstan | 28,783 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 169.5% | rising |
| 124 | Kazakhstan | 27,773 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 66.9% | volatile |
| 125 | Timor-Leste | 27,668 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 28.6% | volatile |
| 126 | Russian Federation | 26,800 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 20.1% | rising |
| 127 | Paraguay | 25,855 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 39.1% | volatile |
| 128 | Vanuatu | 24,296 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 119.7% | rising |
| 129 | Lesotho | 24,242 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 7.2% | volatile |
| 130 | Belize | 21,775 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 76.0% | rising |
| 131 | Sierra Leone | 21,146 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 15.5% | volatile |
| 132 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 21,106 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2016 | up 140.0% | rising |
| 133 | Cameroon | 16,869 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 47.3% | volatile |
| 134 | Guinea | 15,398 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 102.5% | rising |
| 135 | Burkina Faso | 14,510 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 75.2% | volatile |
| 136 | Angola | 13,380 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 43.1% | rising |
| 137 | Lebanon | 12,858 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 98.9% | volatile |
| 138 | Solomon Islands | 12,195 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 86.6% | volatile |
| 139 | Equatorial Guinea | 11,693 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 94.5% | volatile |
| 140 | Congo | 10,406 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 47.4% | volatile |
| 141 | Zimbabwe | 10,267 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 136.0% | rising |
| 142 | Botswana | 9,568 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 76.7% | volatile |
| 143 | Congo, Democratic Republic of the | 8,418 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 134.0% | volatile |
| 144 | Guinea-Bissau | 8,081 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 20.5% | rising |
| 145 | Bolivia, Plurinational State of | 6,597 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 21.1% | volatile |
| 146 | Mozambique | 6,323 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 37.4% | volatile |
| 147 | Mali | 4,707 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 87.7% | volatile |
| 148 | Mauritania | 4,638 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 70.5% | volatile |
| 149 | Libya | 4,541 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 51.1% | falling |
| 150 | Namibia | 4,355 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 25.7% | volatile |
| 151 | Madagascar | 4,236 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 45.7% | volatile |
| 152 | Mongolia | 4,147 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 16.6% | rising |
| 153 | Yemen | 4,090 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2018 | down 75.3% | falling |
| 154 | Niger | 3,886 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 92.1% | volatile |
| 155 | Somalia | 3,404 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 208.7% | rising |
| 156 | Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 3,210 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 93.2% | volatile |
| 157 | Greenland | 2,540 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 49.4% | rising |
| 158 | Chad | 2,146 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 16.7% | rising |
| 159 | Central African Republic | 531.13 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 100.0% | rising |
| 160 | Djibouti | -23,737 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 143.2% | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Euro area 1.02 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- European Union 849,633 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries) 499,036 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) 495,909 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- East Asia & Pacific 433,851 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Post-demographic dividend 379,003 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- South Asia 359,583 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- South Asia (IDA & IBRD) 359,583 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- OECD members 359,549 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Central Europe and the Baltics 336,788 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- North America 298,284 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- High income 261,305 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Upper middle income 219,513 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Late-demographic dividend 205,032 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- World 193,895 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Europe & Central Asia 192,966 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Middle income 183,196 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- IBRD only 165,083 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Low & middle income 150,479 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- IDA & IBRD total 129,904 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Other small states 128,634 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Early-demographic dividend 108,788 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Lower middle income 95,604 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 90,688 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Small states 74,818 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Arab World 61,020 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Latin America & Caribbean 53,550 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries) 52,669 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) 49,539 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income) 49,096 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (IDA & IBRD) 48,712 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- IDA total 29,622 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Sub-Saharan Africa 20,824 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries) 20,824 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) 20,802 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- IDA only 20,606 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Least developed countries 18,588 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Africa Eastern and Southern 16,271 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC) 13,470 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Low income 9,205 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
How this figure is calculated
Gross capital formation (constant 2015 US$) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Gross capital formation (constant 2015 US$) ÷ Land area (sq. km)
Computed from
- Gross capital formation Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks
- Land area FAOSTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
Gross capital formation (constant 2015 US$) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.