Gross capital formation (constant 2015 US$), per square kilometre in Upper middle income
Upper middle income: Gross capital formation (constant 2015 US$), per square kilometre was 219,513 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre in 2023. ◆ Volatile
Gross capital formation (constant 2015 US$), per square kilometre in Upper middle income, 1995–2023
Source: Statizoid (derived). Measured in constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre.
Analysis
In 2023, gross capital formation (constant 2015 us$), per square kilometre in Upper middle income stood at 219,513 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre. That is the highest value across all 29 years on record.
Compared with earlier readings it is up 3.1% on the previous year and up 45.9% over ten years.
Over the whole period, gross capital formation (constant 2015 us$), per square kilometre in Upper middle income peaked at 219,513 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre in 2023 and was at its lowest, 23,436 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre, in 2001.
That places Upper middle income 13th out of 40 groups with data for 2023, putting it in the middle of the range.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Gross capital formation (constant 2015 US$), per square kilometre in Upper middle income, year by year
| Year | constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1995 | 52,134 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | — |
| 1996 | 43,208 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | -17.1% |
| 1997 | 42,833 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | -0.9% |
| 1998 | 30,910 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | -27.8% |
| 1999 | 26,257 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | -15.1% |
| 2000 | 23,886 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | -9.0% |
| 2001 | 23,436 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | -1.9% |
| 2002 | 41,123 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | +75.5% |
| 2003 | 31,334 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | -23.8% |
| 2004 | 50,128 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | +60.0% |
| 2005 | 50,338 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | +0.4% |
| 2006 | 60,813 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | +20.8% |
| 2007 | 87,246 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | +43.5% |
| 2008 | 96,811 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | +11.0% |
| 2009 | 107,426 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | +11.0% |
| 2010 | 123,626 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | +15.1% |
| 2011 | 132,833 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | +7.4% |
| 2012 | 140,368 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | +5.7% |
| 2013 | 150,475 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | +7.2% |
| 2014 | 158,656 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | +5.4% |
| 2015 | 160,145 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | +0.9% |
| 2016 | 168,898 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | +5.5% |
| 2017 | 178,920 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | +5.9% |
| 2018 | 188,680 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | +5.5% |
| 2019 | 194,116 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | +2.9% |
| 2020 | 195,317 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | +0.6% |
| 2021 | 206,389 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | +5.7% |
| 2022 | 212,902 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | +3.2% |
| 2023 | 219,513 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | +3.1% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 39,068 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 26,257 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 52,134 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 5 |
| 2000s | 57,254 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 23,436 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 107,426 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 10 |
| 2010s | 159,672 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 123,626 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 194,116 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 10 |
| 2020s | 208,530 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 195,317 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 219,513 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 4 |
Countries ranked near Upper middle income
- 10 Israel 4.91 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre compare
- 11 Luxembourg 4.21 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre compare
- 12 San Marino 4.18 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre compare
- 13 Belgium 4.13 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre compare
- 14 Japan 3.43 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre compare
- 15 Maldives 2.64 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre compare
- 16 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 2.45 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre compare
More economy & growth data for Upper middle income
- External balance on goods and services 2.1% (2025)
- Gross capital formation 10.81 trillion current US$ (2024)
- Gross capital formation 10.29 trillion constant 2015 US$ (2025)
- Gross capital formation 2.1% (2025)
- Gross capital formation 33.7% (2024)
- Imports of goods and services 7.97 trillion current US$ (2025)
- Imports of goods and services 23.8% (2025)
- Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added 2.16 trillion constant 2015 US$ (2025)
- Gross domestic savings (current US$), per capita 3,686 current US$ per person (2024)
- Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added 3.6% (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is gross capital formation (constant 2015 us$), per square kilometre in Upper middle income?
- Gross capital formation (constant 2015 us$), per square kilometre in Upper middle income was 219,513 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre in 2023, according to Statizoid (derived).
- What is the highest gross capital formation (constant 2015 us$), per square kilometre recorded in Upper middle income?
- The highest recorded value was 219,513 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre in 2023.
- What is the lowest gross capital formation (constant 2015 us$), per square kilometre recorded in Upper middle income?
- The lowest recorded value was 23,436 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre in 2001.
- How does Upper middle income rank for gross capital formation (constant 2015 us$), per square kilometre?
- Upper middle income ranks 13th out of 40 groups with data for 2023.
- Is gross capital formation (constant 2015 us$), per square kilometre rising or falling in Upper middle income?
- Over the last ten years it is up 45.9%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Upper middle income data come from?
- The figures come from Statizoid (derived), published as part of Gross capital formation (constant 2015 US$), per square kilometre. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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How this figure is calculated
Gross capital formation (constant 2015 US$) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Gross capital formation (constant 2015 US$) ÷ Land area (sq. km)
Computed from
- Gross capital formation Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks
- Land area FAOSTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
Gross capital formation (constant 2015 US$) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.