General government final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$), per square kilometre by country
General government final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Countries reporting
166
Highest
159.00 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
Macau, China
Lowest
254.88 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
Central African Republic
Median
67,008 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
Years covered
63
1961–2023
Data points
8,054
What the numbers show
General government final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$), per square kilometre is currently reported for 166 countries. The highest value is 159.00 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre in Macau, China; the lowest is 254.88 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre in Central African Republic.
The median across all reporting countries is 67,008 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre, and the mean is 2.19 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre.
Over the past decade 145 countries rose and 21 fell. The largest increase was in Lao People's Democratic Republic (up 286.6%), and the largest decrease in Lebanon (down 79.0%).
General government final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$): full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Macau, China | 159.00 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 22.6% | rising |
| 2 | Singapore | 58.00 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 43.2% | volatile |
| 3 | Hong Kong, China | 39.24 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 47.2% | volatile |
| 4 | Bermuda | 14.99 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 3.8% | falling |
| 5 | Malta | 9.81 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 93.4% | rising |
| 6 | Bahrain | 8.64 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 30.5% | rising |
| 7 | Netherlands | 6.81 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 19.6% | rising |
| 8 | Luxembourg | 5.05 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 39.7% | rising |
| 9 | Israel | 4.15 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 43.6% | rising |
| 10 | Belgium | 4.08 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 15.3% | rising |
| 11 | San Marino | 3.98 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 15.7% | falling |
| 12 | United States Virgin Islands | 3.45 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2022 | up 9.3% | rising |
| 13 | Korea | 3.24 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 54.8% | volatile |
| 14 | Maldives | 2.79 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 26.4% | rising |
| 15 | Qatar | 2.72 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2020 | up 61.6% | volatile |
| 16 | Japan | 2.70 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 16.1% | rising |
| 17 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 2.70 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 18.4% | rising |
| 18 | Switzerland | 2.34 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 15.5% | rising |
| 19 | Germany | 2.30 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 24.8% | rising |
| 20 | Kuwait | 2.05 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 24.3% | rising |
| 21 | Denmark | 2.00 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 7.4% | rising |
| 22 | Italy | 1.26 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 4.9% | rising |
| 23 | France | 1.22 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 14.4% | rising |
| 24 | Puerto Rico | 1.10 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 0.0% | rising |
| 25 | Seychelles | 1.04 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 64.7% | volatile |
| 26 | Austria | 1.04 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 14.1% | rising |
| 27 | United Arab Emirates | 964,283 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 61.7% | rising |
| 28 | Mauritius | 955,889 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 18.5% | rising |
| 29 | Ireland | 840,132 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 67.1% | rising |
| 30 | Marshall Islands | 683,100 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 16.2% | rising |
| 31 | Brunei Darussalam | 618,203 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 1.3% | rising |
| 32 | Czechia | 562,066 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 25.0% | rising |
| 33 | Spain | 557,834 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 21.8% | rising |
| 34 | Cyprus | 550,232 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 44.5% | volatile |
| 35 | Slovenia | 485,224 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 23.3% | rising |
| 36 | Palestine, State of | 471,369 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 9.3% | rising |
| 37 | Portugal | 433,824 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 12.2% | rising |
| 38 | Poland | 375,032 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 42.2% | rising |
| 39 | Slovakia | 370,587 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 14.0% | rising |
| 40 | Sweden | 345,785 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 12.1% | rising |
| 41 | Greece | 331,221 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 6.9% | rising |
| 42 | Hungary | 328,169 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 29.1% | rising |
| 43 | United States of America | 320,842 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 13.7% | rising |
| 44 | Norway | 293,247 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 24.3% | rising |
| 45 | Cuba | 266,846 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 1.8% | rising |
| 46 | Croatia | 257,516 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 27.2% | rising |
| 47 | Türkiye | 226,779 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 53.1% | volatile |
| 48 | El Salvador | 221,871 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 20.0% | rising |
| 49 | Bahamas | 216,506 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 68.4% | rising |
| 50 | Finland | 215,916 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 15.6% | rising |
| 51 | Costa Rica | 215,217 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 21.0% | rising |
| 52 | Dominican Republic | 205,759 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 51.4% | volatile |
| 53 | Philippines | 201,912 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 101.3% | volatile |
| 54 | Palau | 187,590 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 8.1% | flat |
| 55 | Tonga | 186,589 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 48.2% | rising |
| 56 | New Zealand | 172,620 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 45.0% | rising |
| 57 | Malaysia | 161,951 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 47.2% | volatile |
| 58 | Kiribati | 161,212 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 39.1% | rising |
| 59 | Sri Lanka | 152,595 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 24.6% | rising |
| 60 | Thailand | 144,093 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 12.9% | volatile |
| 61 | Bangladesh | 141,389 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 104.8% | volatile |
| 62 | Romania | 131,396 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 26.3% | rising |
| 63 | Estonia | 122,379 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 24.0% | rising |
| 64 | Panama | 121,054 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 76.9% | rising |
| 65 | Cape Verde | 118,657 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 47.2% | rising |
| 66 | Lithuania | 115,295 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 1.9% | rising |
| 67 | Viet Nam | 112,230 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 51.9% | rising |
| 68 | Iraq | 110,571 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 15.3% | rising |
| 69 | Equatorial Guinea | 105,593 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 0.7% | rising |
| 70 | Bulgaria | 103,847 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 43.6% | falling |
| 71 | Serbia | 103,182 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 13.7% | rising |
| 72 | Lebanon | 101,195 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 79.0% | volatile |
| 73 | India | 101,146 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 58.5% | volatile |
| 74 | Saudi Arabia | 100,332 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 18.6% | rising |
| 75 | Latvia | 97,632 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 34.3% | rising |
| 76 | Rwanda | 89,133 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 135.8% | volatile |
| 77 | Guatemala | 82,564 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 34.2% | volatile |
| 78 | Mexico | 79,416 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 11.3% | rising |
| 79 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 78,825 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 15.0% | rising |
| 80 | Comoros | 72,954 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 47.1% | rising |
| 81 | Haiti | 68,682 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 91.8% | rising |
| 82 | North Macedonia | 68,452 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 8.2% | rising |
| 83 | Albania | 68,023 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 46.6% | rising |
| 84 | Montenegro | 65,992 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 15.8% | rising |
| 85 | Timor-Leste | 64,417 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 18.4% | rising |
| 86 | Chile | 62,024 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 53.0% | volatile |
| 87 | Ecuador | 60,880 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 15.3% | volatile |
| 88 | Morocco | 59,408 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 37.6% | rising |
| 89 | South Africa | 59,209 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 10.2% | volatile |
| 90 | Samoa | 58,864 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 40.5% | rising |
| 91 | Oman | 57,026 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 6.9% | rising |
| 92 | Armenia | 56,683 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 20.6% | rising |
| 93 | Tunisia | 55,121 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 10.7% | volatile |
| 94 | Eswatini | 53,656 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 24.4% | rising |
| 95 | Iceland | 52,684 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 24.8% | rising |
| 96 | Colombia | 52,228 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 46.3% | volatile |
| 97 | Indonesia | 51,318 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 22.3% | volatile |
| 98 | Australia | 50,156 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 54.4% | volatile |
| 99 | Pakistan | 49,302 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 32.2% | volatile |
| 100 | Egypt | 49,155 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 46.6% | volatile |
| 101 | Burundi | 46,702 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 68.7% | volatile |
| 102 | Brazil | 45,272 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 5.5% | volatile |
| 103 | Canada | 45,143 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 26.9% | rising |
| 104 | Georgia | 42,569 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 41.9% | rising |
| 105 | Iran, Islamic Republic of | 40,912 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 12.5% | rising |
| 106 | Argentina | 40,596 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 13.6% | rising |
| 107 | Belarus | 40,199 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 5.6% | rising |
| 108 | Sao Tome and Principe | 39,776 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 28.2% | falling |
| 109 | Ukraine | 38,556 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 26.5% | rising |
| 110 | Republic of Moldova | 37,811 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 12.4% | flat |
| 111 | Honduras | 35,731 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 32.5% | volatile |
| 112 | Uzbekistan | 33,641 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 44.5% | rising |
| 113 | Djibouti | 29,686 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 64.2% | rising |
| 114 | Peru | 26,165 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 56.6% | volatile |
| 115 | Uganda | 25,421 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 118.3% | volatile |
| 116 | Lesotho | 25,055 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 13.2% | volatile |
| 117 | Kenya | 23,383 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 75.9% | volatile |
| 118 | Zimbabwe | 23,249 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 147.2% | rising |
| 119 | Togo | 22,139 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 90.5% | volatile |
| 120 | Côte d'Ivoire | 21,651 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 86.6% | rising |
| 121 | Gambia | 21,263 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 76.2% | rising |
| 122 | Ghana | 21,124 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 24.7% | rising |
| 123 | Senegal | 19,641 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 60.8% | volatile |
| 124 | Algeria | 18,609 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 25.7% | volatile |
| 125 | Belize | 17,889 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 16.8% | volatile |
| 126 | Russian Federation | 17,747 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 12.8% | rising |
| 127 | Nicaragua | 17,229 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 29.4% | volatile |
| 128 | Benin | 16,734 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 61.1% | volatile |
| 129 | Solomon Islands | 15,903 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 24.5% | rising |
| 130 | Nepal | 15,813 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 31.3% | rising |
| 131 | Bhutan | 14,944 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 54.3% | volatile |
| 132 | Paraguay | 13,190 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 41.6% | volatile |
| 133 | Vanuatu | 12,908 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 47.2% | rising |
| 134 | Cambodia | 12,843 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 84.6% | volatile |
| 135 | Angola | 12,627 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 31.4% | rising |
| 136 | Burkina Faso | 12,513 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 115.4% | volatile |
| 137 | Libya | 10,701 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 23.9% | falling |
| 138 | Kazakhstan | 10,154 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 43.7% | rising |
| 139 | Cameroon | 10,024 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 32.1% | volatile |
| 140 | Botswana | 10,023 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 36.2% | volatile |
| 141 | Guinea-Bissau | 9,591 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 89.0% | rising |
| 142 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 9,410 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2016 | up 286.6% | volatile |
| 143 | Syrian Arab Republic | 8,537 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2022 | down 39.2% | volatile |
| 144 | Guinea | 8,449 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 42.5% | volatile |
| 145 | Tanzania, United Republic of | 8,125 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 77.7% | rising |
| 146 | Sierra Leone | 7,603 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 12.3% | volatile |
| 147 | Tajikistan | 7,527 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 18.5% | falling |
| 148 | Gabon | 7,110 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 19.0% | volatile |
| 149 | Kyrgyzstan | 6,841 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 11.0% | rising |
| 150 | Mozambique | 6,715 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 62.9% | volatile |
| 151 | Yemen | 6,631 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2018 | down 53.7% | rising |
| 152 | Bolivia, Plurinational State of | 6,455 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 41.1% | volatile |
| 153 | Ethiopia | 4,557 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 12.6% | rising |
| 154 | Namibia | 3,883 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 21.2% | rising |
| 155 | Congo, Democratic Republic of the | 3,128 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 13.0% | rising |
| 156 | Greenland | 2,974 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 9.7% | rising |
| 157 | Mali | 2,771 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 73.4% | volatile |
| 158 | Madagascar | 2,642 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 7.3% | rising |
| 159 | Congo | 2,551 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 64.9% | volatile |
| 160 | Mongolia | 1,923 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 85.2% | rising |
| 161 | Mauritania | 1,631 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 106.3% | rising |
| 162 | Niger | 1,471 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 41.5% | rising |
| 163 | Chad | 1,253 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 15.7% | falling |
| 164 | Somalia | 1,190 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 184.9% | rising |
| 165 | Sudan | 1,026 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 44.7% | falling |
| 166 | Central African Republic | 254.88 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 43.7% | falling |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Euro area 1.01 million constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- European Union 824,793 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Post-demographic dividend 292,621 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- OECD members 274,007 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Central Europe and the Baltics 262,615 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- High income 198,242 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- North America 185,794 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Europe & Central Asia 172,389 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- World 114,748 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Other small states 109,723 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- South Asia 99,262 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- South Asia (IDA & IBRD) 99,262 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 62,724 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Small states 61,086 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Early-demographic dividend 52,711 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) 48,677 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Latin America & Caribbean 48,295 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) 46,426 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries) 46,387 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Arab World 45,492 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Lower middle income 37,064 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries) 32,545 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income) 31,621 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (IDA & IBRD) 31,358 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Sub-Saharan Africa 12,709 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries) 12,709 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) 12,684 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- IDA total 12,322 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Africa Eastern and Southern 11,300 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- IDA only 6,703 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Least developed countries 6,142 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC) 5,215 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
- Low income 3,623 constant 2015 US$ per square kilometre
How this figure is calculated
General government final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
General government final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$) ÷ Land area (sq. km)
Computed from
- General government final consumption expenditure Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks
- Land area FAOSTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
General government final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.