R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Indirect in Türkiye
Türkiye: R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Indirect was 0.1431 Percentage of GDP in 2024. ◆ Volatile
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Indirect in Türkiye, 2000–2024
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in Percentage of GDP.
Analysis
The most recent figure for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect in Türkiye is 0.1431 Percentage of GDP, measured in 2024.
Compared with earlier readings it is down 6.0% on the previous year and up 226.7% over ten years.
Over the whole period, r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect in Türkiye peaked at 0.1522 Percentage of GDP in 2023 and was at its lowest, 0 Percentage of GDP, in 2000.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Indirect in Türkiye, year by year
| Year | Percentage of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 0 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2001 | 0 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2002 | 0 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2003 | 0 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2004 | 0 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2005 | 0 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2006 | 0 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2007 | 0 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2008 | 0.021 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2009 | 0.04 Percentage of GDP | +90.5% |
| 2010 | 0.0406 Percentage of GDP | +1.5% |
| 2011 | 0.0388 Percentage of GDP | -4.4% |
| 2012 | 0.042 Percentage of GDP | +8.2% |
| 2013 | 0.0327 Percentage of GDP | -22.1% |
| 2014 | 0.0438 Percentage of GDP | +33.9% |
| 2015 | 0.048 Percentage of GDP | +9.6% |
| 2016 | 0.0563 Percentage of GDP | +17.3% |
| 2017 | 0.0652 Percentage of GDP | +15.8% |
| 2018 | 0.0919 Percentage of GDP | +41.0% |
| 2019 | 0.1091 Percentage of GDP | +18.7% |
| 2020 | 0.1255 Percentage of GDP | +15.0% |
| 2021 | 0.1403 Percentage of GDP | +11.8% |
| 2022 | 0.1229 Percentage of GDP | -12.4% |
| 2023 | 0.1522 Percentage of GDP | +23.8% |
| 2024 | 0.1431 Percentage of GDP | -6.0% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.0061 Percentage of GDP | 0 Percentage of GDP | 0.04 Percentage of GDP | 10 |
| 2010s | 0.0568 Percentage of GDP | 0.0327 Percentage of GDP | 0.1091 Percentage of GDP | 10 |
| 2020s | 0.1368 Percentage of GDP | 0.1229 Percentage of GDP | 0.1522 Percentage of GDP | 5 |
Countries ranked near Türkiye
- 1 Portugal 0.4189 Percentage of GDP compare
- 1 United Kingdom 0.2745 Percentage of GDP compare
- 2 Iceland 0.2802 Percentage of GDP compare
- 2 Viet Nam 0 Percentage of GDP
- 2 United States 0.1635 Percentage of GDP compare
- 3 France 0.2689 Percentage of GDP compare
- 4 Netherlands 0.1185 Percentage of GDP compare
- 4 China 0.2426 Percentage of GDP compare
- 5 Austria 0.2354 Percentage of GDP compare
- 6 Belgium 0.2315 Percentage of GDP compare
- 6 Slovenia 0.1033 Percentage of GDP compare
More economy & growth data for Türkiye
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 04 - Annual real GDP 2.98 Percent per annum (2029)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 02 - Annual real GDP 3.48 Percent per annum (2029)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Annual growth US$, 2015 prices 3.87 % (2024)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Annual growth US$ 15.14 % (2024)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Annual growth Standard Local 3.87 % (2024)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Annual growth Standard Local Currency 59.13 % (2024)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Share of GDP Standard Local Currency 25.09 % (2024)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Share of GDP Standard Local Currency 31 % (2024)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Share of GDP US$, 2015 prices 25.09 % (2024)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Share of GDP US$ 31 % (2024)
Frequently asked questions
- What is r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect in Türkiye?
- R&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect in Türkiye was 0.1431 Percentage of GDP in 2024, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- What is the highest r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect recorded in Türkiye?
- The highest recorded value was 0.1522 Percentage of GDP in 2023.
- What is the lowest r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect recorded in Türkiye?
- The lowest recorded value was 0 Percentage of GDP in 2000.
- How does Türkiye rank for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect?
- Türkiye ranks 3rd out of 12 countries with data for 2024.
- Is r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect rising or falling in Türkiye?
- Over the last ten years it is up 226.7%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Türkiye data come from?
- The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Indirect government support through R&D tax incentives (GTARD). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.