France vs Türkiye: R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Indirect
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Indirect over time
- France
- Türkiye
How they compare
France currently reports 0.2689 Percentage of GDP against 0.1431 Percentage of GDP in Türkiye, a difference of 0.1258 Percentage of GDP.
That makes France's figure about 1.9 times Türkiye's.
Across all 24 years both countries report, France has been ahead every year.
France ranks 3rd and Türkiye ranks 3rd of 43 countries.
France has averaged higher in every one of the 3 decades both report.
Head to head by decade
| Decade | France | Türkiye | Difference | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.092 Percentage of GDP | 0.0061 Percentage of GDP | 0.0859 Percentage of GDP | France |
| 2010s | 0.2805 Percentage of GDP | 0.0568 Percentage of GDP | 0.2237 Percentage of GDP | France |
| 2020s | 0.2802 Percentage of GDP | 0.1352 Percentage of GDP | 0.1449 Percentage of GDP | France |
Averages of every year both report within each decade.
Frequently asked questions
- Which has higher r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect, France or Türkiye?
- France, at 0.2689 Percentage of GDP against 0.1431 Percentage of GDP in Türkiye as of 2023.
- What is the difference in r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect between France and Türkiye?
- 0.1258 Percentage of GDP, with France ahead.
- How many years of comparable data are there for France and Türkiye?
- 24 years are reported by both, from 2000 to 2023.
- How do France and Türkiye rank globally for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect?
- France ranks 3rd and Türkiye ranks 3rd of 43 countries.
- Where does this data come from?
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Indirect government support through R&D tax incentives (GTARD). Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.
Individual pages
About this data
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.