R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Indirect in United Kingdom
United Kingdom: R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Indirect was 0.2745 Percentage of GDP in 2023. ◆ Volatile
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Indirect in United Kingdom, 2000–2023
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in Percentage of GDP.
Analysis
United Kingdom recorded 0.2745 Percentage of GDP for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect in 2023.
Compared with earlier readings it is down 7.8% on the previous year and up 199.3% over ten years.
Over the whole period, r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect in United Kingdom peaked at 0.3272 Percentage of GDP in 2021 and was at its lowest, 0.0063 Percentage of GDP, in 2000.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Indirect in United Kingdom, year by year
| Year | Percentage of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 0.0063 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2001 | 0.0148 Percentage of GDP | +134.9% |
| 2002 | 0.0343 Percentage of GDP | +131.8% |
| 2003 | 0.0424 Percentage of GDP | +23.6% |
| 2004 | 0.0437 Percentage of GDP | +3.1% |
| 2005 | 0.0453 Percentage of GDP | +3.7% |
| 2006 | 0.046 Percentage of GDP | +1.5% |
| 2007 | 0.0512 Percentage of GDP | +11.3% |
| 2008 | 0.0621 Percentage of GDP | +21.3% |
| 2009 | 0.0635 Percentage of GDP | +2.3% |
| 2010 | 0.0684 Percentage of GDP | +7.7% |
| 2011 | 0.0728 Percentage of GDP | +6.4% |
| 2012 | 0.0799 Percentage of GDP | +9.8% |
| 2013 | 0.0917 Percentage of GDP | +14.8% |
| 2014 | 0.1613 Percentage of GDP | +75.9% |
| 2015 | 0.2059 Percentage of GDP | +27.7% |
| 2016 | 0.224 Percentage of GDP | +8.8% |
| 2017 | 0.2456 Percentage of GDP | +9.6% |
| 2018 | 0.2906 Percentage of GDP | +18.3% |
| 2019 | 0.306 Percentage of GDP | +5.3% |
| 2020 | 0.3226 Percentage of GDP | +5.4% |
| 2021 | 0.3272 Percentage of GDP | +1.4% |
| 2022 | 0.2978 Percentage of GDP | -9.0% |
| 2023 | 0.2745 Percentage of GDP | -7.8% |
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Indirect in United Kingdom changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 | +134.9% | 0.0063 Percentage of GDP | 0.0148 Percentage of GDP |
| 2002 | +131.8% | 0.0148 Percentage of GDP | 0.0343 Percentage of GDP |
| 2014 | +75.9% | 0.0917 Percentage of GDP | 0.1613 Percentage of GDP |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.041 Percentage of GDP | 0.0063 Percentage of GDP | 0.0635 Percentage of GDP | 10 |
| 2010s | 0.1746 Percentage of GDP | 0.0684 Percentage of GDP | 0.306 Percentage of GDP | 10 |
| 2020s | 0.3055 Percentage of GDP | 0.2745 Percentage of GDP | 0.3272 Percentage of GDP | 4 |
Countries ranked near United Kingdom
- 1 Portugal 0.4189 Percentage of GDP compare
- 2 Iceland 0.2802 Percentage of GDP compare
- 2 Viet Nam 0 Percentage of GDP
- 2 United States 0.1635 Percentage of GDP compare
- 3 Türkiye 0.1431 Percentage of GDP compare
- 3 France 0.2689 Percentage of GDP compare
- 4 Netherlands 0.1185 Percentage of GDP compare
- 4 China 0.2426 Percentage of GDP compare
More economy & growth data for United Kingdom
- Index of digital trade integration and openness 0.2724 Index (2024)
- Index of digital trade integration and openness (INDIGO) — A. 0.0545 Index (2024)
- Index of digital trade integration and openness (INDIGO) — B. Openess 0.0288 Index (2024)
- Index of digital trade integration and openness (INDIGO) — C. Trust 0.078 Index (2024)
- Index of digital trade integration and openness (INDIGO) — D. 0.0615 Index (2024)
- Index of digital trade integration and openness (INDIGO) — E. Wider 0.0496 Index (2024)
- Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index — Infrastructure and 0 Index (2025)
- Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index — Other barriers 0 Index (2025)
- Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index — Intellectual property 0 Index (2025)
- Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index — Payment system 0 Index (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect in United Kingdom?
- R&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect in United Kingdom was 0.2745 Percentage of GDP in 2023, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- What is the highest r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect recorded in United Kingdom?
- The highest recorded value was 0.3272 Percentage of GDP in 2021.
- What is the lowest r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect recorded in United Kingdom?
- The lowest recorded value was 0.0063 Percentage of GDP in 2000.
- How does United Kingdom rank for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect?
- United Kingdom ranks 1st out of 12 countries with data for 2023.
- Is r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect rising or falling in United Kingdom?
- Over the last ten years it is up 199.3%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this United Kingdom data come from?
- The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Indirect government support through R&D tax incentives (GTARD). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.