R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Indirect in United States
United States: R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Indirect was 0.1635 Percentage of GDP in 2022. ▲ Rising
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Indirect in United States, 2000–2022
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in Percentage of GDP.
Analysis
United States recorded 0.1635 Percentage of GDP for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect in 2022. That is the highest value across all 23 years on record.
The figure is up 16.5% on the previous year and up 145.1% over ten years.
Over the whole period, r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect in United States peaked at 0.1635 Percentage of GDP in 2022 and was at its lowest, 0.0455 Percentage of GDP, in 2004.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 23 years of available data.
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Indirect in United States, year by year
| Year | Percentage of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 0.0691 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2001 | 0.0601 Percentage of GDP | -13.0% |
| 2002 | 0.0517 Percentage of GDP | -14.0% |
| 2003 | 0.0479 Percentage of GDP | -7.4% |
| 2004 | 0.0455 Percentage of GDP | -5.0% |
| 2005 | 0.0488 Percentage of GDP | +7.3% |
| 2006 | 0.0529 Percentage of GDP | +8.4% |
| 2007 | 0.0571 Percentage of GDP | +7.9% |
| 2008 | 0.0562 Percentage of GDP | -1.6% |
| 2009 | 0.0537 Percentage of GDP | -4.4% |
| 2010 | 0.0566 Percentage of GDP | +5.4% |
| 2011 | 0.0592 Percentage of GDP | +4.6% |
| 2012 | 0.0667 Percentage of GDP | +12.7% |
| 2013 | 0.0669 Percentage of GDP | +0.3% |
| 2014 | 0.0714 Percentage of GDP | +6.7% |
| 2015 | 0.0785 Percentage of GDP | +9.9% |
| 2016 | 0.0801 Percentage of GDP | +2.0% |
| 2017 | 0.0964 Percentage of GDP | +20.3% |
| 2018 | 0.113 Percentage of GDP | +17.2% |
| 2019 | 0.1183 Percentage of GDP | +4.7% |
| 2020 | 0.1225 Percentage of GDP | +3.6% |
| 2021 | 0.1404 Percentage of GDP | +14.6% |
| 2022 | 0.1635 Percentage of GDP | +16.5% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.0543 Percentage of GDP | 0.0455 Percentage of GDP | 0.0691 Percentage of GDP | 10 |
| 2010s | 0.0807 Percentage of GDP | 0.0566 Percentage of GDP | 0.1183 Percentage of GDP | 10 |
| 2020s | 0.1421 Percentage of GDP | 0.1225 Percentage of GDP | 0.1635 Percentage of GDP | 3 |
Countries ranked near United States
- 1 Portugal 0.4189 Percentage of GDP compare
- 1 United Kingdom 0.2745 Percentage of GDP compare
- 2 Iceland 0.2802 Percentage of GDP compare
- 2 Viet Nam 0 Percentage of GDP
- 3 Türkiye 0.1431 Percentage of GDP compare
- 3 France 0.2689 Percentage of GDP compare
- 4 Netherlands 0.1185 Percentage of GDP compare
- 4 China 0.2426 Percentage of GDP compare
- 5 Austria 0.2354 Percentage of GDP compare
More economy & growth data for United States
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- Index of digital trade integration and openness (INDIGO) — C. Trust 0.0665 Index (2024)
- Index of digital trade integration and openness (INDIGO) — D. 0.0465 Index (2024)
- Index of digital trade integration and openness (INDIGO) — E. Wider 0.0527 Index (2024)
- Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index — Infrastructure and 0.0397 Index (2025)
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Frequently asked questions
- What is r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect in United States?
- R&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect in United States was 0.1635 Percentage of GDP in 2022, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- What is the highest r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect recorded in United States?
- The highest recorded value was 0.1635 Percentage of GDP in 2022.
- What is the lowest r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect recorded in United States?
- The lowest recorded value was 0.0455 Percentage of GDP in 2004.
- How does United States rank for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect?
- United States ranks 2nd out of 12 countries with data for 2022.
- Is r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect rising or falling in United States?
- Over the last ten years it is up 145.1%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this United States data come from?
- The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Indirect government support through R&D tax incentives (GTARD). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.