Gross public sector debt, Central Government, as a proportion of GDP (%) by country
Countries reporting
53
Highest
166.1%
Greece
Lowest
12.7%
Switzerland
Median
54.2%
Years covered
25
2000–2024
Data points
1,115
What the numbers show
Gross public sector debt, Central Government, as a proportion of GDP (%) is currently reported for 53 countries. The highest value is 166.1% in Greece; the lowest is 12.7% in Switzerland.
The median across all reporting countries is 54.2%, and the mean is 59.9%.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 13.
Over the past decade 32 countries rose and 21 fell. The largest increase was in Rwanda (up 176.5%), and the largest decrease in Ireland (down 60.3%).
Gross public sector debt, Central Government, as a proportion of GDP: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Greece | 166.1% | 2024 | down 12.1% | rising |
| 2 | Italy | 132.1% | 2024 | up 2.2% | rising |
| 3 | United States of America | 108.6% | 2024 | up 31.6% | rising |
| 4 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 102.9% | 2024 | up 14.7% | rising |
| 4 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 102.9% | 2024 | up 14.7% | rising |
| 6 | Portugal | 100.1% | 2024 | down 24.8% | rising |
| 7 | France | 97.9% | 2024 | up 22.1% | rising |
| 8 | Sri Lanka | 96.8% | 2024 | up 40.9% | rising |
| 9 | Cyprus | 96.3% | 2024 | down 37.0% | rising |
| 10 | Spain | 93.4% | 2024 | up 2.5% | rising |
| 11 | Pakistan | 90.6% | 2022 | up 29.1% | rising |
| 12 | Belgium | 84.7% | 2024 | down 5.6% | flat |
| 13 | Rwanda | 79.1% | 2024 | up 176.5% | rising |
| 14 | Mauritius | 77.6% | 2024 | up 45.2% | rising |
| 15 | Senegal | 75.1% | 2023 | up 87.2% | rising |
| 16 | Austria | 75.0% | 2024 | down 3.2% | rising |
| 17 | South Africa | 74.7% | 2024 | up 63.2% | rising |
| 18 | Hungary | 73.5% | 2024 | down 3.8% | rising |
| 19 | Brazil | 70.5% | 2024 | up 35.4% | rising |
| 20 | Saint Lucia | 69.4% | 2023 | up 24.5% | rising |
| 21 | Finland | 68.8% | 2024 | up 25.1% | rising |
| 22 | Slovenia | 65.2% | 2024 | down 17.9% | rising |
| 23 | Slovakia | 59.1% | 2024 | up 9.5% | rising |
| 24 | Croatia | 56.3% | 2024 | down 31.0% | rising |
| 25 | Romania | 55.0% | 2024 | up 43.7% | rising |
| 26 | Poland | 54.4% | 2024 | up 11.4% | rising |
| 27 | Latvia | 54.2% | 2024 | up 24.0% | rising |
| 28 | Iceland | 52.9% | 2024 | down 51.3% | falling |
| 29 | Canada | 47.4% | 2024 | up 40.8% | rising |
| 30 | Seychelles | 46.8% | 2019 | down 30.3% | falling |
| 31 | Netherlands (Kingdom of the) | 46.4% | 2024 | down 24.9% | rising |
| 32 | Malta | 46.0% | 2024 | down 24.2% | falling |
| 33 | Mexico | 46.0% | 2024 | up 46.3% | rising |
| 34 | Republic of Korea | 45.4% | 2023 | up 48.7% | rising |
| 34 | Korea | 45.4% | 2023 | up 48.7% | rising |
| 36 | Germany | 43.7% | 2024 | down 7.5% | rising |
| 37 | Czechia | 43.5% | 2024 | up 11.1% | rising |
| 38 | Ireland | 40.2% | 2024 | down 60.3% | volatile |
| 39 | Norway | 39.4% | 2024 | up 160.7% | falling |
| 40 | Indonesia | 39.0% | 2024 | up 63.0% | rising |
| 41 | Lithuania | 37.4% | 2024 | down 1.1% | rising |
| 42 | Australia | 34.5% | 2024 | up 53.6% | volatile |
| 43 | Peru | 29.8% | 2024 | up 61.9% | rising |
| 44 | Türkiye | 25.2% | 2024 | down 18.8% | falling |
| 44 | Türkiye | 25.2% | 2024 | down 18.8% | falling |
| 46 | Luxembourg | 24.4% | 2024 | up 21.5% | rising |
| 47 | Bulgaria | 23.3% | 2024 | down 12.7% | volatile |
| 48 | Estonia | 22.9% | 2024 | up 92.6% | volatile |
| 49 | Denmark | 21.9% | 2024 | down 41.5% | falling |
| 50 | Sweden | 20.2% | 2024 | down 43.8% | falling |
| 51 | Russian Federation | 16.7% | 2020 | up 116.8% | rising |
| 51 | Russian Federation | 16.7% | 2020 | up 116.8% | rising |
| 53 | Switzerland | 12.7% | 2024 | down 15.8% | falling |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- United States of America 108.6%