Gross public sector debt, Central Government, as a proportion of GDP in Estonia
Estonia: Gross public sector debt, Central Government, as a proportion of GDP was 22.9% in 2024. ◆ Volatile
Gross public sector debt, Central Government, as a proportion of GDP in Estonia, 2000–2024
Source: United Nations Statistics Division, SDG Global Database.
Analysis
In 2024, gross public sector debt, central government, as a proportion of gdp in Estonia stood at 22.9%. That is the highest value across all 25 years on record.
The figure is up 14.7% on the previous year and up 92.6% over ten years.
Over the whole period, gross public sector debt, central government, as a proportion of gdp in Estonia peaked at 22.9% in 2024 and was at its lowest, 1.4%, in 2007.
That places Estonia 48th out of 53 countries with data for 2024, putting it in the bottom quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Gross public sector debt, Central Government, as a proportion of GDP in Estonia, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 3.3% | — |
| 2001 | 2.9% | -12.3% |
| 2002 | 3.5% | +19.0% |
| 2003 | 3.1% | -9.7% |
| 2004 | 2.8% | -10.1% |
| 2005 | 2.3% | -18.4% |
| 2006 | 2.1% | -9.3% |
| 2007 | 1.4% | -31.2% |
| 2008 | 1.8% | +26.1% |
| 2009 | 4.3% | +134.8% |
| 2010 | 4.5% | +5.8% |
| 2011 | 4.5% | +0.4% |
| 2012 | 11.9% | +163.6% |
| 2013 | 12.0% | +0.4% |
| 2014 | 11.9% | -0.7% |
| 2015 | 11.2% | -5.5% |
| 2016 | 10.7% | -4.5% |
| 2017 | 9.9% | -7.9% |
| 2018 | 9.2% | -6.6% |
| 2019 | 9.7% | +5.3% |
| 2020 | 18.3% | +88.8% |
| 2021 | 17.9% | -2.2% |
| 2022 | 19.0% | +6.3% |
| 2023 | 19.9% | +4.6% |
| 2024 | 22.9% | +14.7% |
Estonia compared with similar countries
- Estonia's 22.9% is below the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 54.4%, 42% of the median. (31 countries reporting)
- Estonia's 22.9% is below the median for high income countries, which is 53.6%, 43% of the median. (36 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Gross public sector debt, Central Government, as a proportion of GDP in Estonia changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012 | +163.6% | 4.5% | 11.9% |
| 2009 | +134.8% | 1.8% | 4.3% |
| 2020 | +88.8% | 9.7% | 18.3% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 2.8% | 1.4% | 4.3% | 10 |
| 2010s | 9.5% | 4.5% | 12.0% | 10 |
| 2020s | 19.6% | 17.9% | 22.9% | 5 |
Countries ranked near Estonia
- 46 Luxembourg 24.4% compare
- 47 Bulgaria 23.3% compare
- 49 Denmark 21.9% compare
- 50 Sweden 20.2% compare
- 51 Russian Federation 16.7% compare
- 51 Russian Federation 16.7% compare
More economy & growth data for Estonia
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), gaps -24.28 million BoP, current US$ (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), per unit -0.0005 BoP, current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), per capita -17.77 BoP, current US$ per person (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), gaps filled -838.20 million BoP, current US$ (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), annual 75.62 % change on previous year (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), per unit -0.0178 BoP, current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), per capita -613.4 BoP, current US$ per person (2025)
- Total reserves (includes gold, current US$), annual growth rate 17.56 % change on previous year (2025)
- Total reserves (includes gold, current US$), per unit of GDP 0.0519 includes gold, current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Total reserves (includes gold, current US$), per capita 1,785 includes gold, current US$ per person (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is gross public sector debt, central government, as a proportion of gdp in Estonia?
- Gross public sector debt, central government, as a proportion of gdp in Estonia was 22.9% in 2024, according to United Nations Statistics Division, SDG Global Database.
- What is the highest gross public sector debt, central government, as a proportion of gdp recorded in Estonia?
- The highest recorded value was 22.9% in 2024.
- What is the lowest gross public sector debt, central government, as a proportion of gdp recorded in Estonia?
- The lowest recorded value was 1.4% in 2007.
- How does Estonia rank for gross public sector debt, central government, as a proportion of gdp?
- Estonia ranks 48th out of 53 countries with data for 2024.
- Is gross public sector debt, central government, as a proportion of gdp rising or falling in Estonia?
- Over the last ten years it is up 92.6%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Estonia data come from?
- The figures come from United Nations Statistics Division, SDG Global Database, published as part of Gross public sector debt, Central Government, as a proportion of GDP (%). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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