Trade in employment by workforce characteristics (TiMBC) 2023 edition — Domestic employment embodied in gross exports by country
Trade in employment by characteristics adds a dimension to labour market indicators published in TiM database and is designed to complement OECD's Trade in Value Added (TiVA) indicators (TiVA web page). Estimates of employment embodied in foreign final demand (or in gross exports) can reveal the extent to which a...
What the numbers show
Trade in employment by workforce characteristics (TiMBC) 2023 edition — Domestic employment embodied in gross exports is currently reported for 58 countries. The highest value is 3,805 Persons in China; the lowest is 0 Persons in Iceland.
The median across all reporting countries is 21.1 Persons, and the mean is 207.99 Persons.
Over the past decade 9 countries rose and 47 fell. The largest increase was in Türkiye (up 54.1%), and the largest decrease in Latvia (down 100.0%).
Trade in employment by workforce characteristics (TiMBC) 2023 edition: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | 3,805 Persons | 2016 | down 15.1% | falling |
| 1 | United States | 577.1 Persons | 2020 | down 17.5% | flat |
| 2 | OECD | 1,828 Persons | 2020 | down 27.5% | falling |
| 2 | United Kingdom | 112.6 Persons | 2020 | down 4.5% | rising |
| 3 | India | 1,499 Persons | 2020 | down 27.2% | falling |
| 4 | Brazil | 1,056 Persons | 2020 | down 4.2% | flat |
| 4 | Netherlands | 96.8 Persons | 2020 | down 15.7% | rising |
| 5 | Argentina | 537.6 Persons | 2020 | down 34.4% | falling |
| 5 | Türkiye | 62.7 Persons | 2020 | up 54.1% | rising |
| 6 | Mexico | 257.5 Persons | 2020 | down 0.0% | rising |
| 6 | Viet Nam | 227.3 Persons | 2020 | down 7.6% | falling |
| 6 | Poland | 24.7 Persons | 2020 | up 47.9% | rising |
| 7 | Colombia | 246.6 Persons | 2020 | up 14.6% | rising |
| 8 | Peru | 189.8 Persons | 2020 | down 25.7% | falling |
| 8 | Croatia | 1.8 Persons | 2020 | down 48.6% | falling |
| 9 | Germany | 179.1 Persons | 2020 | down 20.6% | flat |
| 9 | Lithuania | 1.2 Persons | 2020 | down 20.0% | falling |
| 10 | Thailand | 164.9 Persons | 2020 | down 40.5% | falling |
| 10 | Slovenia | 0.9 Persons | 2020 | down 18.2% | rising |
| 11 | Chile | 153.4 Persons | 2020 | down 31.0% | falling |
| 11 | Estonia | 0.2 Persons | 2020 | down 33.3% | falling |
| 12 | Russian Federation | 133.5 Persons | 2020 | down 5.5% | falling |
| 12 | Latvia | 0 Persons | 2020 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 13 | Spain | 119.3 Persons | 2020 | up 3.4% | rising |
| 14 | Japan | 116.1 Persons | 2020 | down 20.8% | falling |
| 15 | Italy | 96.6 Persons | 2020 | down 5.4% | rising |
| 16 | France | 86.7 Persons | 2020 | down 6.0% | flat |
| 17 | Canada | 55.7 Persons | 2020 | down 9.7% | flat |
| 18 | Malaysia | 45.7 Persons | 2020 | down 37.2% | falling |
| 19 | Philippines | 41.4 Persons | 2020 | down 41.9% | falling |
| 20 | Chinese Taipei | 35.5 Persons | 2020 | down 53.8% | falling |
| 21 | Portugal | 34.6 Persons | 2020 | down 8.2% | rising |
| 22 | Egypt | 23 Persons | 2020 | down 27.9% | falling |
| 23 | Switzerland | 21.6 Persons | 2020 | down 42.4% | falling |
| 24 | Sweden | 20.6 Persons | 2020 | down 15.6% | falling |
| 25 | Israel | 19.8 Persons | 2020 | down 16.1% | falling |
| 26 | Australia | 16 Persons | 2020 | down 15.3% | falling |
| 27 | Norway | 15.7 Persons | 2020 | down 37.7% | falling |
| 28 | Denmark | 14.8 Persons | 2020 | up 10.4% | rising |
| 29 | Hungary | 14 Persons | 2020 | down 21.8% | rising |
| 30 | Finland | 12.7 Persons | 2020 | down 21.6% | falling |
| 31 | Belgium | 12 Persons | 2020 | down 17.2% | rising |
| 32 | Ukraine | 11.1 Persons | 2020 | down 46.9% | falling |
| 33 | Ireland | 11 Persons | 2020 | up 14.6% | rising |
| 34 | Austria | 10.3 Persons | 2020 | down 30.9% | flat |
| 35 | Czechia | 10.1 Persons | 2020 | down 4.7% | rising |
| 36 | Singapore | 9.9 Persons | 2020 | down 9.2% | falling |
| 37 | Saudi Arabia | 9.6 Persons | 2020 | down 11.1% | flat |
| 38 | Romania | 9.3 Persons | 2020 | up 47.6% | rising |
| 39 | Greece | 9 Persons | 2020 | down 13.5% | rising |
| 40 | Costa Rica | 8.7 Persons | 2020 | down 14.7% | falling |
| 41 | New Zealand | 8.3 Persons | 2020 | down 61.6% | falling |
| 42 | Bulgaria | 3.5 Persons | 2020 | down 70.8% | falling |
| 43 | Luxembourg | 2.6 Persons | 2020 | up 4.0% | rising |
| 44 | Kazakhstan | 2.4 Persons | 2020 | down 33.3% | falling |
| 45 | Malta | 0.7 Persons | 2020 | up 40.0% | rising |
| 46 | Cyprus | 0.2 Persons | 2020 | unchanged | volatile |
| 47 | Iceland | 0 Persons | 2020 | — | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- NAFTA 890.3 Persons
- European Union (28 countries) 888.3 Persons
- European Union (15 countries) 818.7 Persons
- Korea 101.5 Persons
- European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020) 775.7 Persons
- Euro area (19 countries) 676.9 Persons
- European Union 28 excluding European Union 15 countries 69.6 Persons
- Slovak Republic 3 Persons
About this data
Trade in employment by characteristics adds a dimension to labour market indicators published in TiM database and is designed to complement OECD's Trade in Value Added (TiVA) indicators (TiVA web page). Estimates of employment embodied in foreign final demand (or in gross exports) can reveal the extent to which a country's workforce depends on its integration into the global economy. TiM indicators by characteristics are calculated using the OECD's Inter-Country Input-Output (ICIO) Tables, (ICIO web page), together with recent estimates of employment by industrial activity from official sources. • TiM web page. • TiM by characteristics: documentation • ReadMe TiM by characteristics • Contact: icio-tiva.contact@oecd.org