R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD in Germany
Germany: R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD was 0.1124 Percentage of GDP in 2024. ▼ Falling
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD in Germany, 2000–2024
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in Percentage of GDP.
Analysis
In 2024, r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd in Germany stood at 0.1124 Percentage of GDP.
The figure is down 0.3% on the previous year and up 75.1% over ten years.
Over the whole period, r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd in Germany peaked at 0.1149 Percentage of GDP in 2000 and was at its lowest, 0.0628 Percentage of GDP, in 2013.
Germany ranks 6th of 38 countries on this measure, in the top quarter.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 25 years of available data.
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD in Germany, year by year
| Year | Percentage of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 0.1149 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2001 | 0.1107 Percentage of GDP | -3.7% |
| 2002 | 0.1024 Percentage of GDP | -7.5% |
| 2003 | 0.1038 Percentage of GDP | +1.4% |
| 2004 | 0.0982 Percentage of GDP | -5.4% |
| 2005 | 0.0741 Percentage of GDP | -24.5% |
| 2006 | 0.0764 Percentage of GDP | +3.1% |
| 2007 | 0.0762 Percentage of GDP | -0.3% |
| 2008 | 0.0801 Percentage of GDP | +5.1% |
| 2009 | 0.0811 Percentage of GDP | +1.2% |
| 2010 | 0.0801 Percentage of GDP | -1.2% |
| 2011 | 0.0809 Percentage of GDP | +1.0% |
| 2012 | 0.0836 Percentage of GDP | +3.3% |
| 2013 | 0.0628 Percentage of GDP | -24.9% |
| 2014 | 0.0642 Percentage of GDP | +2.2% |
| 2015 | 0.0658 Percentage of GDP | +2.5% |
| 2016 | 0.0661 Percentage of GDP | +0.5% |
| 2017 | 0.0654 Percentage of GDP | -1.1% |
| 2018 | 0.065 Percentage of GDP | -0.6% |
| 2019 | 0.0684 Percentage of GDP | +5.2% |
| 2020 | 0.0657 Percentage of GDP | -3.9% |
| 2021 | 0.0724 Percentage of GDP | +10.2% |
| 2022 | 0.093 Percentage of GDP | +28.5% |
| 2023 | 0.1127 Percentage of GDP | +21.2% |
| 2024 | 0.1124 Percentage of GDP | -0.3% |
Germany compared with similar countries
- Germany's 0.1124 Percentage of GDP is above the median for high income countries, which is 0.0556 Percentage of GDP, 2.0× the median. (31 countries reporting)
- Germany's 0.1124 Percentage of GDP is above the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 0.0772 Percentage of GDP, 1.5× the median. (22 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD in Germany changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | +28.5% | 0.0724 Percentage of GDP | 0.093 Percentage of GDP |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.0918 Percentage of GDP | 0.0741 Percentage of GDP | 0.1149 Percentage of GDP | 10 |
| 2010s | 0.0702 Percentage of GDP | 0.0628 Percentage of GDP | 0.0836 Percentage of GDP | 10 |
| 2020s | 0.0912 Percentage of GDP | 0.0657 Percentage of GDP | 0.1127 Percentage of GDP | 5 |
Countries ranked near Germany
- 3 Iceland 0.1602 Percentage of GDP compare
- 3 United Kingdom 0.1305 Percentage of GDP compare
- 4 United States 0.1222 Percentage of GDP compare
- 4 France 0.1479 Percentage of GDP compare
- 5 Estonia 0.1197 Percentage of GDP compare
- 5 Sweden 0.1207 Percentage of GDP compare
- 6 Netherlands 0.1158 Percentage of GDP compare
- 7 Austria 0.1095 Percentage of GDP compare
- 7 Poland 0.0836 Percentage of GDP compare
- 8 OECD 0.1018 Percentage of GDP compare
- 8 Slovenia 0.0711 Percentage of GDP compare
- 9 Greece 0.1012 Percentage of GDP compare
More economy & growth data for Germany
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 04 - Annual real GDP 0.7761 Percent per annum (2029)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 02 - Annual real GDP 0.6565 Percent per annum (2029)
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), gaps 108.13 billion BoP, current US$ (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), per unit 0.0214 BoP, current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), per capita 1,295 BoP, current US$ per person (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), gaps filled 95.19 billion BoP, current US$ (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), annual 51.97 % change on previous year (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), per unit 0.0188 BoP, current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), per capita 1,140 BoP, current US$ per person (2025)
- Total reserves (includes gold, current US$), annual growth rate 51.4 % change on previous year (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd in Germany?
- R&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd in Germany was 0.1124 Percentage of GDP in 2024, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- What is the highest r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd recorded in Germany?
- The highest recorded value was 0.1149 Percentage of GDP in 2000.
- What is the lowest r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd recorded in Germany?
- The lowest recorded value was 0.0628 Percentage of GDP in 2013.
- How does Germany rank for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd?
- Germany ranks 6th out of 38 countries with data for 2024.
- Is r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd rising or falling in Germany?
- Over the last ten years it is up 75.1%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this Germany data come from?
- The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Government-financed BERD. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.