R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD in United Kingdom
United Kingdom: R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD was 0.1305 Percentage of GDP in 2024. ▲ Rising
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD in United Kingdom, 2000–2024
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in Percentage of GDP.
Analysis
In 2024, r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd in United Kingdom stood at 0.1305 Percentage of GDP.
That represents a change of up 0.5% on the previous year and down 13.1% over ten years.
Over the whole period, r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd in United Kingdom peaked at 0.1502 Percentage of GDP in 2014 and was at its lowest, 0.0653 Percentage of GDP, in 2008.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 22 years of available data.
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD in United Kingdom, year by year
| Year | Percentage of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 0.0917 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2001 | 0.0816 Percentage of GDP | -11.0% |
| 2002 | 0.0738 Percentage of GDP | -9.6% |
| 2003 | 0.0966 Percentage of GDP | +30.9% |
| 2004 | 0.0972 Percentage of GDP | +0.6% |
| 2005 | 0.0791 Percentage of GDP | -18.6% |
| 2006 | 0.0732 Percentage of GDP | -7.5% |
| 2007 | 0.0685 Percentage of GDP | -6.4% |
| 2008 | 0.0653 Percentage of GDP | -4.7% |
| 2009 | 0.0791 Percentage of GDP | +21.1% |
| 2010 | 0.0863 Percentage of GDP | +9.1% |
| 2011 | 0.0966 Percentage of GDP | +11.9% |
| 2012 | 0.0783 Percentage of GDP | -18.9% |
| 2013 | 0.0922 Percentage of GDP | +17.8% |
| 2014 | 0.1502 Percentage of GDP | +62.9% |
| 2018 | 0.1192 Percentage of GDP | -20.6% |
| 2019 | 0.1121 Percentage of GDP | -6.0% |
| 2020 | 0.1468 Percentage of GDP | +31.0% |
| 2021 | 0.1431 Percentage of GDP | -2.5% |
| 2022 | 0.1151 Percentage of GDP | -19.6% |
| 2023 | 0.1298 Percentage of GDP | +12.8% |
| 2024 | 0.1305 Percentage of GDP | +0.5% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.0806 Percentage of GDP | 0.0653 Percentage of GDP | 0.0972 Percentage of GDP | 10 |
| 2010s | 0.105 Percentage of GDP | 0.0783 Percentage of GDP | 0.1502 Percentage of GDP | 7 |
| 2020s | 0.1331 Percentage of GDP | 0.1151 Percentage of GDP | 0.1468 Percentage of GDP | 5 |
Countries ranked near United Kingdom
- 1 Russia 0.3503 Percentage of GDP compare
- 2 Israel 0.3445 Percentage of GDP compare
- 2 Türkiye 0.1333 Percentage of GDP compare
- 3 Iceland 0.1602 Percentage of GDP compare
- 4 United States 0.1222 Percentage of GDP compare
- 4 France 0.1479 Percentage of GDP compare
- 5 Estonia 0.1197 Percentage of GDP compare
- 5 Sweden 0.1207 Percentage of GDP compare
- 6 Germany 0.1124 Percentage of GDP compare
- 6 Netherlands 0.1158 Percentage of GDP compare
More economy & growth data for United Kingdom
- Index of digital trade integration and openness 0.2724 Index (2024)
- Index of digital trade integration and openness (INDIGO) — A. 0.0545 Index (2024)
- Index of digital trade integration and openness (INDIGO) — B. Openess 0.0288 Index (2024)
- Index of digital trade integration and openness (INDIGO) — C. Trust 0.078 Index (2024)
- Index of digital trade integration and openness (INDIGO) — D. 0.0615 Index (2024)
- Index of digital trade integration and openness (INDIGO) — E. Wider 0.0496 Index (2024)
- Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index — Infrastructure and 0 Index (2025)
- Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index — Other barriers 0 Index (2025)
- Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index — Intellectual property 0 Index (2025)
- Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index — Payment system 0 Index (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd in United Kingdom?
- R&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd in United Kingdom was 0.1305 Percentage of GDP in 2024, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- What is the highest r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd recorded in United Kingdom?
- The highest recorded value was 0.1502 Percentage of GDP in 2014.
- What is the lowest r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd recorded in United Kingdom?
- The lowest recorded value was 0.0653 Percentage of GDP in 2008.
- How does United Kingdom rank for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd?
- United Kingdom ranks 3rd out of 12 countries with data for 2024.
- Is r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd rising or falling in United Kingdom?
- Over the last ten years it is down 13.1%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this United Kingdom data come from?
- The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Government-financed BERD. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
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About this data
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.