R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD in Türkiye
Türkiye: R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD was 0.5436 Percentage of GDP in 2024. ▲ Rising
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD in Türkiye, 2008–2024
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in Percentage of GDP.
Analysis
The most recent figure for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd in Türkiye is 0.5436 Percentage of GDP, measured in 2024.
Compared with earlier readings it is up 5.2% on the previous year and up 46.8% over ten years.
Over the whole period, r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd in Türkiye peaked at 0.5504 Percentage of GDP in 2019 and was at its lowest, 0.2856 Percentage of GDP, in 2008.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 17 years of available data.
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD in Türkiye, year by year
| Year | Percentage of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 0.2856 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2009 | 0.4264 Percentage of GDP | +49.3% |
| 2010 | 0.3968 Percentage of GDP | -6.9% |
| 2011 | 0.3896 Percentage of GDP | -1.8% |
| 2012 | 0.3756 Percentage of GDP | -3.6% |
| 2013 | 0.4068 Percentage of GDP | +8.3% |
| 2014 | 0.3702 Percentage of GDP | -9.0% |
| 2015 | 0.4109 Percentage of GDP | +11.0% |
| 2016 | 0.4643 Percentage of GDP | +13.0% |
| 2017 | 0.4854 Percentage of GDP | +4.5% |
| 2018 | 0.5263 Percentage of GDP | +8.4% |
| 2019 | 0.5504 Percentage of GDP | +4.6% |
| 2020 | 0.5238 Percentage of GDP | -4.8% |
| 2021 | 0.5073 Percentage of GDP | -3.2% |
| 2022 | 0.4742 Percentage of GDP | -6.5% |
| 2023 | 0.5167 Percentage of GDP | +9.0% |
| 2024 | 0.5436 Percentage of GDP | +5.2% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.356 Percentage of GDP | 0.2856 Percentage of GDP | 0.4264 Percentage of GDP | 2 |
| 2010s | 0.4376 Percentage of GDP | 0.3702 Percentage of GDP | 0.5504 Percentage of GDP | 10 |
| 2020s | 0.5131 Percentage of GDP | 0.4742 Percentage of GDP | 0.5436 Percentage of GDP | 5 |
Countries ranked near Türkiye
- 6 Estonia 0.7981 Percentage of GDP compare
- 6 Norway 0.9202 Percentage of GDP compare
- 7 Croatia 0.6724 Percentage of GDP compare
- 7 Finland 0.9198 Percentage of GDP compare
- 8 France 0.9152 Percentage of GDP compare
- 8 Poland 0.5552 Percentage of GDP compare
- 9 Switzerland 0.9044 Percentage of GDP compare
- 10 Belgium 0.8813 Percentage of GDP compare
- 10 Lithuania 0.5065 Percentage of GDP compare
- 11 OECD 0.845 Percentage of GDP compare
- 12 Sweden 0.7719 Percentage of GDP compare
- 12 Latvia 0.3656 Percentage of GDP compare
More economy & growth data for Türkiye
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 04 - Annual real GDP 2.98 Percent per annum (2029)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 02 - Annual real GDP 3.48 Percent per annum (2029)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Annual growth US$, 2015 prices 3.87 % (2024)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Annual growth US$ 15.14 % (2024)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Annual growth Standard Local 3.87 % (2024)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Annual growth Standard Local Currency 59.13 % (2024)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Share of GDP Standard Local Currency 25.09 % (2024)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Share of GDP Standard Local Currency 31 % (2024)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Share of GDP US$, 2015 prices 25.09 % (2024)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Share of GDP US$ 31 % (2024)
Frequently asked questions
- What is r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd in Türkiye?
- R&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd in Türkiye was 0.5436 Percentage of GDP in 2024, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- What is the highest r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd recorded in Türkiye?
- The highest recorded value was 0.5504 Percentage of GDP in 2019.
- What is the lowest r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd recorded in Türkiye?
- The lowest recorded value was 0.2856 Percentage of GDP in 2008.
- How does Türkiye rank for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd?
- Türkiye ranks 9th out of 12 countries with data for 2024.
- Is r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd rising or falling in Türkiye?
- Over the last ten years it is up 46.8%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Türkiye data come from?
- The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Government budgets for R&D and tax incentive support for business R&D (GBARD+GTARD). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
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About this data
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.