Sweden vs Türkiye: R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD over time
- Sweden
- Türkiye
How they compare
Sweden currently reports 0.7719 Percentage of GDP against 0.5436 Percentage of GDP in Türkiye, a difference of 0.2283 Percentage of GDP.
That makes Sweden's figure about 1.4 times Türkiye's.
Across all 17 years both countries report, Sweden has been ahead every year.
Sweden ranks 12th and Türkiye ranks 9th of 33 countries.
Sweden has averaged higher in every one of the 3 decades both report.
Head to head by decade
| Decade | Sweden | Türkiye | Difference | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.8024 Percentage of GDP | 0.356 Percentage of GDP | 0.4465 Percentage of GDP | Sweden |
| 2010s | 0.8023 Percentage of GDP | 0.4376 Percentage of GDP | 0.3646 Percentage of GDP | Sweden |
| 2020s | 0.7911 Percentage of GDP | 0.5131 Percentage of GDP | 0.278 Percentage of GDP | Sweden |
Averages of every year both report within each decade.
Frequently asked questions
- Which has higher r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd, Sweden or Türkiye?
- Sweden, at 0.7719 Percentage of GDP against 0.5436 Percentage of GDP in Türkiye as of 2024.
- What is the difference in r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd between Sweden and Türkiye?
- 0.2283 Percentage of GDP, with Sweden ahead.
- How many years of comparable data are there for Sweden and Türkiye?
- 17 years are reported by both, from 2008 to 2024.
- How do Sweden and Türkiye rank globally for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd?
- Sweden ranks 12th and Türkiye ranks 9th of 33 countries.
- Where does this data come from?
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Government budgets for R&D and tax incentive support for business R&D (GBARD+GTARD). Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.
Individual pages
About this data
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.