Exposure to PM2.5 air pollution vs. GDP per capita by country
GDP per capita is adjusted for inflation and differences in living costs between countries.
Countries reporting
197
Highest
107.76 micrograms per cubic meter
Qatar
Lowest
1.64 micrograms per cubic meter
Greenland
Median
17.92 micrograms per cubic meter
Years covered
34
1990–2023
Data points
6,800
What the numbers show
Exposure to PM2.5 air pollution vs. GDP per capita is currently reported for 197 countries. The highest value is 107.76 micrograms per cubic meter in Qatar; the lowest is 1.64 micrograms per cubic meter in Greenland.
The median across all reporting countries is 17.92 micrograms per cubic meter, and the mean is 21.87 micrograms per cubic meter.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 66.
Over the past decade 72 countries rose and 125 fell. The largest increase was in Nigeria (up 25.8%), and the largest decrease in Belgium (down 46.1%).
Exposure to PM2.5 air pollution vs. GDP per capita: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Qatar | 107.76 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 10.7% | flat |
| 2 | Saudi Arabia | 73.52 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 0.7% | rising |
| 3 | Bangladesh | 69.25 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 5.8% | rising |
| 4 | Nigeria | 65.74 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 25.8% | flat |
| 5 | Niger | 65.23 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 14.3% | rising |
| 6 | Kuwait | 62.35 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 1.7% | rising |
| 7 | Pakistan | 58.37 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 7.6% | flat |
| 8 | United Arab Emirates | 57.19 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 2.3% | flat |
| 9 | Bahrain | 56.57 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 4.2% | falling |
| 10 | Cameroon | 55.6 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 5.3% | rising |
| 11 | India | 54.05 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 3.4% | rising |
| 12 | Nepal | 53.2 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 6.6% | rising |
| 13 | Iraq | 49.47 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 3.4% | rising |
| 14 | Oman | 46.86 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 1.7% | rising |
| 15 | Yemen | 46.84 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 9.7% | rising |
| 16 | Mauritania | 46.5 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 8.7% | falling |
| 17 | Egypt | 43.15 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 7.3% | falling |
| 18 | Chad | 42.96 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 0.1% | flat |
| 19 | Mongolia | 42.69 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 6.0% | rising |
| 20 | Equatorial Guinea | 42.22 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 7.6% | flat |
| 21 | Senegal | 41.65 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 15.3% | falling |
| 22 | Djibouti | 40.3 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 8.2% | rising |
| 23 | Iran | 40.25 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 1.1% | rising |
| 24 | Benin | 39.66 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 23.7% | falling |
| 25 | Gambia | 38.27 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 17.6% | falling |
| 26 | Afghanistan | 37.95 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 3.6% | falling |
| 27 | Sudan | 37.61 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 7.5% | rising |
| 28 | Burkina Faso | 37.32 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 4.9% | flat |
| 29 | Congo | 36.54 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 8.9% | flat |
| 30 | Rwanda | 36.01 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 11.3% | flat |
| 31 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 35.81 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 13.5% | flat |
| 32 | Burundi | 35.69 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 13.6% | flat |
| 33 | Mali | 35.52 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 5.5% | rising |
| 34 | Myanmar | 35.07 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 3.0% | falling |
| 35 | Togo | 34.33 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 20.3% | falling |
| 36 | Eritrea | 33.66 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 4.6% | falling |
| 37 | Tajikistan | 33.35 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 13.1% | rising |
| 38 | Central African Republic | 33.29 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 12.8% | rising |
| 39 | Uzbekistan | 32.77 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 6.0% | falling |
| 40 | Jordan | 32.63 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 4.3% | rising |
| 41 | Guinea-Bissau | 32.29 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 13.4% | falling |
| 42 | Syria | 32.06 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 6.4% | rising |
| 43 | China | 31.99 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 38.2% | falling |
| 44 | Gabon | 31.32 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 2.4% | rising |
| 45 | Turkmenistan | 31.25 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 2.6% | flat |
| 46 | Uganda | 31.21 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 9.7% | rising |
| 47 | Peru | 31.09 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 4.5% | falling |
| 48 | Honduras | 30.72 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 4.3% | falling |
| 49 | Bhutan | 30.07 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 5.6% | flat |
| 50 | Guatemala | 29.68 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 7.3% | falling |
| 51 | El Salvador | 29.59 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 5.3% | falling |
| 52 | Armenia | 28.55 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 5.7% | falling |
| 53 | Ghana | 28.14 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 16.3% | falling |
| 54 | Bolivia | 28.14 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 11.8% | falling |
| 55 | South Africa | 27.72 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 2.4% | rising |
| 56 | Guinea | 27.26 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 9.0% | falling |
| 57 | Lebanon | 26.69 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 0.1% | rising |
| 58 | Lesotho | 26.44 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 2.0% | falling |
| 59 | Turkey | 26.4 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 2.4% | rising |
| 60 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 26.09 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 8.3% | falling |
| 61 | Laos | 25.98 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 8.9% | falling |
| 62 | Vietnam | 24.78 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 16.3% | falling |
| 63 | Ethiopia | 23.8 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 4.2% | rising |
| 64 | Azerbaijan | 23.71 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 5.4% | rising |
| 65 | South Sudan | 23.67 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 14.9% | flat |
| 66 | Thailand | 23.49 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 13.8% | falling |
| 67 | Chile | 23.1 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 7.9% | falling |
| 68 | Sri Lanka | 22.68 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 13.3% | falling |
| 69 | Sierra Leone | 22.46 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 8.7% | flat |
| 70 | Palestine | 22.39 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 2.6% | falling |
| 71 | Philippines | 22.21 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 1.6% | falling |
| 72 | Israel | 21.9 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 1.6% | falling |
| 73 | South Korea | 21.89 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 12.6% | rising |
| 74 | North Macedonia | 21.81 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 23.5% | falling |
| 75 | North Korea | 21.78 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 11.4% | falling |
| 76 | Jamaica | 21.65 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 8.7% | rising |
| 77 | Indonesia | 20.84 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 7.7% | falling |
| 78 | Nicaragua | 20.42 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 3.1% | falling |
| 79 | Cote d'Ivoire | 20.39 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 10.2% | falling |
| 80 | Kenya | 20.25 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 5.0% | rising |
| 81 | Zambia | 20.24 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 8.3% | flat |
| 82 | Cape Verde | 20.19 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 18.7% | falling |
| 83 | Tanzania | 20.17 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 12.6% | rising |
| 84 | Kyrgyzstan | 20.12 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 7.7% | falling |
| 85 | Libya | 20.01 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 23.0% | flat |
| 86 | Angola | 19.91 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 12.1% | falling |
| 87 | Bulgaria | 19.68 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 17.4% | falling |
| 88 | Kazakhstan | 19.6 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 8.9% | rising |
| 89 | Cambodia | 19.43 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 9.9% | falling |
| 90 | Serbia | 19.34 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 20.4% | falling |
| 91 | Venezuela | 19.2 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 7.0% | falling |
| 92 | Tunisia | 18.87 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 8.8% | rising |
| 93 | Morocco | 18.72 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 8.3% | rising |
| 94 | Ecuador | 18.61 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 3.1% | falling |
| 95 | Georgia | 18.57 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 0.4% | falling |
| 96 | Somalia | 18.54 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 5.6% | rising |
| 97 | Montenegro | 18.45 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 19.5% | falling |
| 98 | Colombia | 18.36 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 0.8% | falling |
| 99 | Liberia | 17.92 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 3.5% | rising |
| 100 | Costa Rica | 17.7 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 7.1% | falling |
| 101 | Guyana | 16.95 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 0.7% | falling |
| 102 | Belize | 16.76 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 3.2% | falling |
| 103 | Eswatini | 16.75 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 4.1% | falling |
| 104 | Malawi | 16.72 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 11.6% | flat |
| 105 | Mexico | 16.61 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 5.5% | falling |
| 106 | Algeria | 16.54 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 8.7% | rising |
| 107 | Poland | 16.52 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 27.8% | falling |
| 108 | Cyprus | 16.07 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 13.0% | falling |
| 109 | Romania | 16.01 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 11.9% | falling |
| 110 | Malaysia | 15.87 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 19.4% | falling |
| 111 | Haiti | 15.81 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 4.7% | rising |
| 112 | Croatia | 15.78 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 18.9% | falling |
| 113 | Suriname | 15.67 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 0.3% | falling |
| 114 | Albania | 15.51 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 14.7% | falling |
| 115 | Paraguay | 15.33 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 25.4% | falling |
| 116 | Singapore | 15.14 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 40.6% | falling |
| 117 | Panama | 15.12 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 1.6% | falling |
| 118 | Sao Tome and Principe | 15.12 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 7.2% | flat |
| 119 | Zimbabwe | 15.03 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 12.9% | flat |
| 120 | Moldova | 14.95 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 14.9% | falling |
| 121 | Ukraine | 14.85 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 21.7% | falling |
| 122 | Argentina | 14.35 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 1.7% | falling |
| 123 | Italy | 14.29 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 18.1% | falling |
| 124 | Namibia | 14.23 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 16.4% | falling |
| 125 | Greece | 14.12 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 6.7% | falling |
| 126 | Papua New Guinea | 14.11 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 8.5% | falling |
| 127 | Mauritius | 14.06 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 7.5% | rising |
| 128 | Trinidad and Tobago | 13.78 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 1.4% | flat |
| 129 | Mozambique | 13.72 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 14.0% | falling |
| 130 | Slovakia | 13.72 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 32.1% | falling |
| 131 | Hungary | 13.72 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 28.6% | falling |
| 132 | Dominican Republic | 13.51 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 11.4% | falling |
| 133 | Brazil | 13.38 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 1.4% | falling |
| 134 | Botswana | 13.24 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 20.6% | falling |
| 135 | Latvia | 13.01 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 23.8% | falling |
| 136 | Czechia | 12.75 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 33.5% | falling |
| 137 | San Marino | 12.74 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 14.2% | falling |
| 138 | Slovenia | 12.56 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 24.3% | falling |
| 139 | Madagascar | 12.39 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 13.2% | rising |
| 140 | East Timor | 11.99 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 0.2% | falling |
| 141 | Belarus | 11.98 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 32.9% | falling |
| 142 | Russia | 11.57 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 18.3% | falling |
| 143 | Dominica | 11.52 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 13.8% | falling |
| 144 | Japan | 11.45 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 11.7% | flat |
| 145 | Monaco | 11.38 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 17.7% | falling |
| 146 | Maldives | 11.16 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 12.6% | falling |
| 147 | Grenada | 11.03 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 9.8% | falling |
| 148 | Barbados | 10.91 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 9.8% | falling |
| 149 | Uruguay | 10.85 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 7.7% | falling |
| 151 | Lithuania | 10.75 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 31.0% | falling |
| 152 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 10.6 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 11.2% | falling |
| 153 | Saint Lucia | 10.43 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 9.9% | falling |
| 154 | Comoros | 10.17 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 14.0% | flat |
| 155 | Spain | 10.08 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 1.9% | falling |
| 156 | Austria | 10.03 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 35.2% | falling |
| 157 | Solomon Islands | 9.77 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 8.7% | rising |
| 158 | United Kingdom | 9.46 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 24.3% | falling |
| 159 | Cuba | 9.45 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 0.3% | falling |
| 160 | Seychelles | 9.26 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 8.3% | falling |
| 161 | Andorra | 8.88 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 4.3% | falling |
| 162 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 8.87 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 9.9% | falling |
| 163 | Germany | 8.81 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 35.0% | falling |
| 164 | Portugal | 8.77 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 3.7% | falling |
| 165 | Netherlands | 8.59 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 37.0% | falling |
| 166 | Belgium | 8.45 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 46.1% | falling |
| 167 | Antigua and Barbuda | 8.42 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 8.4% | falling |
| 168 | Switzerland | 8.32 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 37.4% | falling |
| 169 | France | 8.23 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 42.4% | falling |
| 170 | Puerto Rico | 7.84 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 19.9% | flat |
| 171 | Brunei | 7.57 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 9.2% | falling |
| 173 | Denmark | 7.5 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 18.2% | falling |
| 175 | Vanuatu | 6.99 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 17.6% | falling |
| 176 | United States | 6.97 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 17.3% | falling |
| 177 | New Zealand | 6.88 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 2.9% | falling |
| 178 | United States Virgin Islands | 6.79 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 16.2% | falling |
| 179 | Canada | 6.55 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 8.3% | falling |
| 180 | Fiji | 6.45 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 1.7% | rising |
| 181 | Australia | 6.41 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 7.5% | flat |
| 182 | Estonia | 5.92 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 29.9% | falling |
| 183 | Norway | 5.52 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 21.9% | falling |
| 184 | Bahamas | 5.28 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 7.6% | falling |
| 185 | Sweden | 5.26 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 16.3% | falling |
| 186 | Tuvalu | 5.22 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 11.1% | falling |
| 187 | Palau | 4.94 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 14.6% | falling |
| 188 | Iceland | 4.93 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 2.1% | falling |
| 189 | Nauru | 4.84 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 16.4% | falling |
| 190 | Tonga | 4.69 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 1.8% | falling |
| 191 | Bermuda | 4.63 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 3.7% | falling |
| 192 | Samoa | 4.58 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 0.0% | falling |
| 193 | Finland | 4.57 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 27.4% | falling |
| 194 | American Samoa | 4.33 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | up 3.2% | falling |
| 195 | Marshall Islands | 4.1 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 15.4% | falling |
| 196 | Kiribati | 3.87 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 16.6% | falling |
| 197 | Micronesia (country) | 3.52 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 18.3% | falling |
| 198 | Guam | 3.47 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 15.0% | falling |
| 199 | Northern Mariana Islands | 2.68 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 25.5% | falling |
| 200 | Greenland | 1.64 micrograms per cubic meter | 2023 | down 10.1% | rising |
About this data
GDP per capita is adjusted for inflation and differences in living costs between countries.