Exposure to PM2.5 air pollution vs. GDP per capita in Netherlands
Netherlands: Exposure to PM2.5 air pollution vs. GDP per capita was 8.59 micrograms per cubic meter in 2023. ▼ Falling
Latest (2023)
8.59 micrograms per cubic meter
Change on year
down 11.6%
World rank
165th
of 200 countries
All-time high
21.66 micrograms per cubic meter
in 1990
All-time low
8.59 micrograms per cubic meter
in 2023
Years of data
34
1990–2023
Exposure to PM2.5 air pollution vs. GDP per capita in Netherlands, 1990–2023
Source: Global Burden of Disease Study 2023, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), via World Bank (2026) – processed by Our World in Data. Measured in micrograms per cubic meter.
Analysis
Netherlands recorded 8.59 micrograms per cubic meter for exposure to pm2.5 air pollution vs. gdp per capita in 2023. That is the lowest value across all 34 years on record.
Compared with earlier readings it is down 11.6% on the previous year and down 37.0% over ten years.
Over the whole period, exposure to pm2.5 air pollution vs. gdp per capita in Netherlands peaked at 21.66 micrograms per cubic meter in 1990 and was at its lowest, 8.59 micrograms per cubic meter, in 2023.
Netherlands ranks 165th of 200 countries on this measure, in the bottom quarter.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 34 years of available data.
Exposure to PM2.5 air pollution vs. GDP per capita in Netherlands, year by year
| Year | micrograms per cubic meter | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 21.66 micrograms per cubic meter | — |
| 1991 | 21.64 micrograms per cubic meter | -0.1% |
| 1992 | 21.37 micrograms per cubic meter | -1.3% |
| 1993 | 21.09 micrograms per cubic meter | -1.3% |
| 1994 | 20.82 micrograms per cubic meter | -1.3% |
| 1995 | 21.07 micrograms per cubic meter | +1.2% |
| 1996 | 20.27 micrograms per cubic meter | -3.8% |
| 1997 | 20 micrograms per cubic meter | -1.4% |
| 1998 | 19.72 micrograms per cubic meter | -1.4% |
| 1999 | 19.45 micrograms per cubic meter | -1.4% |
| 2000 | 18.91 micrograms per cubic meter | -2.7% |
| 2001 | 17.13 micrograms per cubic meter | -9.5% |
| 2002 | 17.76 micrograms per cubic meter | +3.7% |
| 2003 | 19.4 micrograms per cubic meter | +9.2% |
| 2004 | 17.44 micrograms per cubic meter | -10.1% |
| 2005 | 17.1 micrograms per cubic meter | -1.9% |
| 2006 | 15.59 micrograms per cubic meter | -8.8% |
| 2007 | 15.27 micrograms per cubic meter | -2.1% |
| 2008 | 15.75 micrograms per cubic meter | +3.1% |
| 2009 | 16.11 micrograms per cubic meter | +2.3% |
| 2010 | 16.03 micrograms per cubic meter | -0.5% |
| 2011 | 15.88 micrograms per cubic meter | -0.9% |
| 2012 | 13.06 micrograms per cubic meter | -17.7% |
| 2013 | 13.62 micrograms per cubic meter | +4.3% |
| 2014 | 13.31 micrograms per cubic meter | -2.3% |
| 2015 | 12.06 micrograms per cubic meter | -9.4% |
| 2016 | 11.72 micrograms per cubic meter | -2.8% |
| 2017 | 11.51 micrograms per cubic meter | -1.8% |
| 2018 | 12.17 micrograms per cubic meter | +5.7% |
| 2019 | 10.54 micrograms per cubic meter | -13.3% |
| 2020 | 8.96 micrograms per cubic meter | -15.0% |
| 2021 | 10.03 micrograms per cubic meter | +11.9% |
| 2022 | 9.72 micrograms per cubic meter | -3.1% |
| 2023 | 8.59 micrograms per cubic meter | -11.6% |
Netherlands compared with similar countries
- Netherlands's 8.59 micrograms per cubic meter is below the median for high income countries, which is 10.06 micrograms per cubic meter, 85% of the median. (70 countries reporting)
- Netherlands's 8.59 micrograms per cubic meter is below the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 12.88 micrograms per cubic meter, 67% of the median. (52 countries reporting)
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 20.71 micrograms per cubic meter | 19.45 micrograms per cubic meter | 21.66 micrograms per cubic meter | 10 |
| 2000s | 17.05 micrograms per cubic meter | 15.27 micrograms per cubic meter | 19.4 micrograms per cubic meter | 10 |
| 2010s | 12.99 micrograms per cubic meter | 10.54 micrograms per cubic meter | 16.03 micrograms per cubic meter | 10 |
| 2020s | 9.32 micrograms per cubic meter | 8.59 micrograms per cubic meter | 10.03 micrograms per cubic meter | 4 |
Countries ranked near Netherlands
- 162 Saint Kitts and Nevis 8.87 micrograms per cubic meter compare
- 163 Germany 8.81 micrograms per cubic meter compare
- 164 Portugal 8.77 micrograms per cubic meter compare
- 166 Belgium 8.45 micrograms per cubic meter compare
- 167 Antigua and Barbuda 8.42 micrograms per cubic meter compare
- 168 Switzerland 8.32 micrograms per cubic meter compare
More economy & growth data for Netherlands
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), gaps -5.93 billion BoP, current US$ (2024)
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), per unit -0.0049 BoP, current US$ per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), per capita -329.49 BoP, current US$ per person (2024)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), gaps filled -17.06 billion BoP, current US$ (2024)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), annual 95.03 % change on previous year (2024)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), per unit -0.0141 BoP, current US$ per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), per capita -948.01 BoP, current US$ per person (2024)
- Total reserves (includes gold, current US$), annual growth rate 49.19 % change on previous year (2025)
- Total reserves (includes gold, current US$), per unit of GDP 0.0886 includes gold, current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Total reserves (includes gold, current US$), per capita 6,527 includes gold, current US$ per person (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is exposure to pm2.5 air pollution vs. gdp per capita in Netherlands?
- Exposure to pm2.5 air pollution vs. gdp per capita in Netherlands was 8.59 micrograms per cubic meter in 2023, according to Global Burden of Disease Study 2023, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), via World Bank (2026) – processed by Our World in Data.
- What is the highest exposure to pm2.5 air pollution vs. gdp per capita recorded in Netherlands?
- The highest recorded value was 21.66 micrograms per cubic meter in 1990.
- What is the lowest exposure to pm2.5 air pollution vs. gdp per capita recorded in Netherlands?
- The lowest recorded value was 8.59 micrograms per cubic meter in 2023.
- How does Netherlands rank for exposure to pm2.5 air pollution vs. gdp per capita?
- Netherlands ranks 165th out of 200 countries with data for 2023.
- Is exposure to pm2.5 air pollution vs. gdp per capita rising or falling in Netherlands?
- Over the last ten years it is down 37.0%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this Netherlands data come from?
- The figures come from Global Burden of Disease Study 2023, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), via World Bank (2026) – processed by Our World in Data, published as part of Exposure to PM2.5 air pollution vs. GDP per capita. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
GDP per capita is adjusted for inflation and differences in living costs between countries.