Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP in Germany
Germany: Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP was 3.2% in 2023. ▲ Rising
Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP in Germany, 2000–2023
Source: United Nations Statistics Division, SDG Global Database.
Analysis
The most recent figure for research and development expenditure as a proportion of gdp in Germany is 3.2%, measured in 2023. That is the highest value across all 24 years on record.
That represents a change of up 2.7% on the previous year and up 13.4% over ten years.
Over the whole period, research and development expenditure as a proportion of gdp in Germany peaked at 3.2% in 2023 and was at its lowest, 2.4%, in 2001.
Germany ranks 8th of 106 countries on this measure, in the top 10%.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 24 years of available data.
Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP in Germany, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 2.4% | — |
| 2001 | 2.4% | -0.3% |
| 2002 | 2.4% | +1.2% |
| 2003 | 2.4% | +1.4% |
| 2004 | 2.4% | -1.6% |
| 2005 | 2.4% | -0.0% |
| 2006 | 2.4% | +1.2% |
| 2007 | 2.4% | -0.5% |
| 2008 | 2.6% | +6.3% |
| 2009 | 2.7% | +4.6% |
| 2010 | 2.7% | -0.5% |
| 2011 | 2.8% | +2.8% |
| 2012 | 2.8% | +2.7% |
| 2013 | 2.8% | -1.6% |
| 2014 | 2.8% | +1.5% |
| 2015 | 2.9% | +2.0% |
| 2016 | 2.9% | +0.2% |
| 2017 | 3.0% | +3.6% |
| 2018 | 3.1% | +2.1% |
| 2019 | 3.1% | +2.0% |
| 2020 | 3.1% | -0.7% |
| 2021 | 3.1% | -0.4% |
| 2022 | 3.1% | -0.2% |
| 2023 | 3.2% | +2.7% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 2.5% | 2.4% | 2.7% | 10 |
| 2010s | 2.9% | 2.7% | 3.1% | 10 |
| 2020s | 3.1% | 3.1% | 3.2% | 4 |
Countries ranked near Germany
More economy & growth data for Germany
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 04 - Annual real GDP 0.7761 Percent per annum (2029)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 02 - Annual real GDP 0.6565 Percent per annum (2029)
- Industry (including construction), value added (constant 2015 US$) -1.08 % change on previous year (2025)
- Industry (including construction), value added (constant 2015 US$) 0.1675 constant 2015 US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Industry (including construction), value added (constant 2015 US$) 10,131 constant 2015 US$ per person (2025)
- Industry (including construction), value added (constant LCU), annual -1.08 % change on previous year (2025)
- Industry (including construction), value added (constant LCU), per 0.164 constant LCU per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Industry (including construction), value added (constant LCU), per 9,924 constant LCU per person (2025)
- Services, value added (current US$), annual growth rate 8.49 % change on previous year (2025)
- Services, value added (current US$), per unit of GDP 0.6446 current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is research and development expenditure as a proportion of gdp in Germany?
- Research and development expenditure as a proportion of gdp in Germany was 3.2% in 2023, according to United Nations Statistics Division, SDG Global Database.
- What is the highest research and development expenditure as a proportion of gdp recorded in Germany?
- The highest recorded value was 3.2% in 2023.
- What is the lowest research and development expenditure as a proportion of gdp recorded in Germany?
- The lowest recorded value was 2.4% in 2001.
- How does Germany rank for research and development expenditure as a proportion of gdp?
- Germany ranks 8th out of 106 countries with data for 2023.
- Is research and development expenditure as a proportion of gdp rising or falling in Germany?
- Over the last ten years it is up 13.4%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Germany data come from?
- The figures come from United Nations Statistics Division, SDG Global Database, published as part of Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP (%). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 24 observations, free to reuse under UN SDG Global Database (open, attribution requested).