R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Sum of in Türkiye
Türkiye: R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Sum of was 0.2764 Percentage of GDP in 2024. ◆ Volatile
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Sum of in Türkiye, 2000–2024
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in Percentage of GDP.
Analysis
The most recent figure for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of in Türkiye is 0.2764 Percentage of GDP, measured in 2024.
The figure is down 12.4% on the previous year and up 238.3% over ten years.
Over the whole period, r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of in Türkiye peaked at 0.3154 Percentage of GDP in 2023 and was at its lowest, 0.0042 Percentage of GDP, in 2002.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Sum of in Türkiye, year by year
| Year | Percentage of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 0.0066 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2001 | 0.0057 Percentage of GDP | -13.6% |
| 2002 | 0.0042 Percentage of GDP | -26.3% |
| 2003 | 0.0047 Percentage of GDP | +11.9% |
| 2004 | 0.0051 Percentage of GDP | +8.5% |
| 2005 | 0.0131 Percentage of GDP | +156.9% |
| 2006 | 0.0178 Percentage of GDP | +35.9% |
| 2007 | 0.0272 Percentage of GDP | +52.8% |
| 2008 | 0.0498 Percentage of GDP | +83.1% |
| 2009 | 0.0884 Percentage of GDP | +77.5% |
| 2010 | 0.0756 Percentage of GDP | -14.5% |
| 2011 | 0.0691 Percentage of GDP | -8.6% |
| 2012 | 0.0768 Percentage of GDP | +11.1% |
| 2013 | 0.0656 Percentage of GDP | -14.6% |
| 2014 | 0.0817 Percentage of GDP | +24.5% |
| 2015 | 0.0945 Percentage of GDP | +15.7% |
| 2016 | 0.1067 Percentage of GDP | +12.9% |
| 2017 | 0.1134 Percentage of GDP | +6.3% |
| 2018 | 0.1529 Percentage of GDP | +34.8% |
| 2019 | 0.1878 Percentage of GDP | +22.8% |
| 2020 | 0.2008 Percentage of GDP | +6.9% |
| 2021 | 0.225 Percentage of GDP | +12.1% |
| 2022 | 0.2604 Percentage of GDP | +15.7% |
| 2023 | 0.3154 Percentage of GDP | +21.1% |
| 2024 | 0.2764 Percentage of GDP | -12.4% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.0223 Percentage of GDP | 0.0042 Percentage of GDP | 0.0884 Percentage of GDP | 10 |
| 2010s | 0.1024 Percentage of GDP | 0.0656 Percentage of GDP | 0.1878 Percentage of GDP | 10 |
| 2020s | 0.2556 Percentage of GDP | 0.2008 Percentage of GDP | 0.3154 Percentage of GDP | 5 |
Countries ranked near Türkiye
- 1 United Kingdom 0.4043 Percentage of GDP compare
- 1 Portugal 0.516 Percentage of GDP compare
- 2 Russia 0.4728 Percentage of GDP compare
- 3 Iceland 0.4404 Percentage of GDP compare
- 3 United States 0.2885 Percentage of GDP compare
- 4 France 0.4168 Percentage of GDP compare
- 5 Netherlands 0.2343 Percentage of GDP compare
- 5 Austria 0.3449 Percentage of GDP compare
- 6 Israel 0.3445 Percentage of GDP compare
- 6 Slovenia 0.1744 Percentage of GDP compare
- 7 Poland 0.151 Percentage of GDP compare
- 7 Belgium 0.3009 Percentage of GDP compare
More economy & growth data for Türkiye
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 04 - Annual real GDP 2.98 Percent per annum (2029)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 02 - Annual real GDP 3.48 Percent per annum (2029)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Value Standard Local Currency, annual 59.13 % change on previous year (2024)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Value US$, annual growth rate 15.14 % change on previous year (2024)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Value Standard Local Currency, 2015 3.87 % change on previous year (2024)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Value US$, 2015 prices, annual growth 3.87 % change on previous year (2024)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Annual growth US$, 2015 prices 3.87 % (2024)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Annual growth US$ 15.14 % (2024)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Annual growth Standard Local 3.87 % (2024)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Annual growth Standard Local Currency 59.13 % (2024)
Frequently asked questions
- What is r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of in Türkiye?
- R&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of in Türkiye was 0.2764 Percentage of GDP in 2024, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- What is the highest r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of recorded in Türkiye?
- The highest recorded value was 0.3154 Percentage of GDP in 2023.
- What is the lowest r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of recorded in Türkiye?
- The lowest recorded value was 0.0042 Percentage of GDP in 2002.
- How does Türkiye rank for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of?
- Türkiye ranks 4th out of 12 countries with data for 2024.
- Is r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of rising or falling in Türkiye?
- Over the last ten years it is up 238.3%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Türkiye data come from?
- The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Sum of tax incentive support for business R&D (GTARD) and government-financed BERD. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.