R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Sum of in United Kingdom
United Kingdom: R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Sum of was 0.4043 Percentage of GDP in 2023. ◆ Volatile
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Sum of in United Kingdom, 2000–2023
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in Percentage of GDP.
Analysis
In 2023, r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of in United Kingdom stood at 0.4043 Percentage of GDP.
Compared with earlier readings it is down 2.1% on the previous year and up 120.0% over ten years.
Over the whole period, r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of in United Kingdom peaked at 0.4703 Percentage of GDP in 2021 and was at its lowest, 0.0964 Percentage of GDP, in 2001.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Sum of in United Kingdom, year by year
| Year | Percentage of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 0.0981 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2001 | 0.0964 Percentage of GDP | -1.7% |
| 2002 | 0.1081 Percentage of GDP | +12.1% |
| 2003 | 0.139 Percentage of GDP | +28.6% |
| 2004 | 0.1409 Percentage of GDP | +1.4% |
| 2005 | 0.1244 Percentage of GDP | -11.7% |
| 2006 | 0.1192 Percentage of GDP | -4.2% |
| 2007 | 0.1198 Percentage of GDP | +0.5% |
| 2008 | 0.1274 Percentage of GDP | +6.3% |
| 2009 | 0.1426 Percentage of GDP | +11.9% |
| 2010 | 0.1546 Percentage of GDP | +8.4% |
| 2011 | 0.1693 Percentage of GDP | +9.5% |
| 2012 | 0.1582 Percentage of GDP | -6.6% |
| 2013 | 0.1838 Percentage of GDP | +16.2% |
| 2014 | 0.3116 Percentage of GDP | +69.5% |
| 2018 | 0.4098 Percentage of GDP | +31.5% |
| 2019 | 0.4182 Percentage of GDP | +2.0% |
| 2020 | 0.4695 Percentage of GDP | +12.3% |
| 2021 | 0.4703 Percentage of GDP | +0.2% |
| 2022 | 0.4129 Percentage of GDP | -12.2% |
| 2023 | 0.4043 Percentage of GDP | -2.1% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.1216 Percentage of GDP | 0.0964 Percentage of GDP | 0.1426 Percentage of GDP | 10 |
| 2010s | 0.2579 Percentage of GDP | 0.1546 Percentage of GDP | 0.4182 Percentage of GDP | 7 |
| 2020s | 0.4392 Percentage of GDP | 0.4043 Percentage of GDP | 0.4703 Percentage of GDP | 4 |
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Frequently asked questions
- What is r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of in United Kingdom?
- R&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of in United Kingdom was 0.4043 Percentage of GDP in 2023, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- What is the highest r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of recorded in United Kingdom?
- The highest recorded value was 0.4703 Percentage of GDP in 2021.
- What is the lowest r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of recorded in United Kingdom?
- The lowest recorded value was 0.0964 Percentage of GDP in 2001.
- How does United Kingdom rank for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of?
- United Kingdom ranks 1st out of 12 countries with data for 2023.
- Is r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of rising or falling in United Kingdom?
- Over the last ten years it is up 120.0%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this United Kingdom data come from?
- The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Sum of tax incentive support for business R&D (GTARD) and government-financed BERD. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.