R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Sum of in United States
United States: R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Sum of was 0.2885 Percentage of GDP in 2022. ▲ Rising
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Sum of in United States, 2000–2022
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in Percentage of GDP.
Analysis
In 2022, r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of in United States stood at 0.2885 Percentage of GDP.
The figure is up 17.4% on the previous year and up 12.7% over ten years.
Over the whole period, r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of in United States peaked at 0.3284 Percentage of GDP in 2009 and was at its lowest, 0.2018 Percentage of GDP, in 2002.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 23 years of available data.
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Sum of in United States, year by year
| Year | Percentage of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 0.236 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2001 | 0.2198 Percentage of GDP | -6.9% |
| 2002 | 0.2018 Percentage of GDP | -8.2% |
| 2003 | 0.2033 Percentage of GDP | +0.7% |
| 2004 | 0.2113 Percentage of GDP | +3.9% |
| 2005 | 0.2168 Percentage of GDP | +2.6% |
| 2006 | 0.2288 Percentage of GDP | +5.5% |
| 2007 | 0.2407 Percentage of GDP | +5.2% |
| 2008 | 0.3045 Percentage of GDP | +26.5% |
| 2009 | 0.3284 Percentage of GDP | +7.8% |
| 2010 | 0.2848 Percentage of GDP | -13.3% |
| 2011 | 0.262 Percentage of GDP | -8.0% |
| 2012 | 0.2561 Percentage of GDP | -2.3% |
| 2013 | 0.242 Percentage of GDP | -5.5% |
| 2014 | 0.223 Percentage of GDP | -7.9% |
| 2015 | 0.2267 Percentage of GDP | +1.7% |
| 2016 | 0.2096 Percentage of GDP | -7.5% |
| 2017 | 0.2245 Percentage of GDP | +7.1% |
| 2018 | 0.2355 Percentage of GDP | +4.9% |
| 2019 | 0.2243 Percentage of GDP | -4.8% |
| 2020 | 0.2629 Percentage of GDP | +17.2% |
| 2021 | 0.2457 Percentage of GDP | -6.5% |
| 2022 | 0.2885 Percentage of GDP | +17.4% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.2391 Percentage of GDP | 0.2018 Percentage of GDP | 0.3284 Percentage of GDP | 10 |
| 2010s | 0.2389 Percentage of GDP | 0.2096 Percentage of GDP | 0.2848 Percentage of GDP | 10 |
| 2020s | 0.2657 Percentage of GDP | 0.2457 Percentage of GDP | 0.2885 Percentage of GDP | 3 |
Countries ranked near United States
- 1 United Kingdom 0.4043 Percentage of GDP compare
- 1 Portugal 0.516 Percentage of GDP compare
- 2 Russia 0.4728 Percentage of GDP compare
- 3 Iceland 0.4404 Percentage of GDP compare
- 4 France 0.4168 Percentage of GDP compare
- 4 Türkiye 0.2764 Percentage of GDP compare
- 5 Netherlands 0.2343 Percentage of GDP compare
- 5 Austria 0.3449 Percentage of GDP compare
- 6 Israel 0.3445 Percentage of GDP compare
- 6 Slovenia 0.1744 Percentage of GDP compare
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- Index of digital trade integration and openness (INDIGO) — B. Openess 0.0207 Index (2024)
- Index of digital trade integration and openness (INDIGO) — C. Trust 0.0665 Index (2024)
- Index of digital trade integration and openness (INDIGO) — D. 0.0465 Index (2024)
- Index of digital trade integration and openness (INDIGO) — E. Wider 0.0527 Index (2024)
- Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index — Other barriers 0 Index (2025)
- Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index — Infrastructure and 0.0397 Index (2025)
- Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index — Intellectual property 0 Index (2025)
- Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index — Electronic transactions 0.0212 Index (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of in United States?
- R&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of in United States was 0.2885 Percentage of GDP in 2022, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- What is the highest r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of recorded in United States?
- The highest recorded value was 0.3284 Percentage of GDP in 2009.
- What is the lowest r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of recorded in United States?
- The lowest recorded value was 0.2018 Percentage of GDP in 2002.
- How does United States rank for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of?
- United States ranks 3rd out of 12 countries with data for 2022.
- Is r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of rising or falling in United States?
- Over the last ten years it is up 12.7%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this United States data come from?
- The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Sum of tax incentive support for business R&D (GTARD) and government-financed BERD. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.