R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Sum of in European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020)
European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020): R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Sum of was 0.1946 Percentage of GDP in 2023. ▲ Rising
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Sum of in European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020), 2000–2023
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in Percentage of GDP.
Analysis
The most recent figure for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of in European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020) is 0.1946 Percentage of GDP, measured in 2023. That is the highest value across all 23 years on record.
Compared with earlier readings it is up 5.9% on the previous year and up 28.5% over ten years.
Over the whole period, r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of in European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020) peaked at 0.1946 Percentage of GDP in 2023 and was at its lowest, 0.0988 Percentage of GDP, in 2005.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 23 years of available data.
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Sum of in European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020), year by year
| Year | Percentage of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 0.1034 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2001 | 0.1031 Percentage of GDP | -0.3% |
| 2002 | 0.1003 Percentage of GDP | -2.7% |
| 2003 | 0.1021 Percentage of GDP | +1.8% |
| 2004 | 0.1067 Percentage of GDP | +4.5% |
| 2005 | 0.0988 Percentage of GDP | -7.4% |
| 2006 | 0.1068 Percentage of GDP | +8.1% |
| 2007 | 0.1102 Percentage of GDP | +3.2% |
| 2008 | 0.1406 Percentage of GDP | +27.6% |
| 2009 | 0.148 Percentage of GDP | +5.3% |
| 2010 | 0.1494 Percentage of GDP | +0.9% |
| 2011 | 0.1459 Percentage of GDP | -2.3% |
| 2012 | 0.1522 Percentage of GDP | +4.3% |
| 2013 | 0.1514 Percentage of GDP | -0.5% |
| 2014 | 0.1526 Percentage of GDP | +0.8% |
| 2015 | 0.1632 Percentage of GDP | +6.9% |
| 2016 | 0.1617 Percentage of GDP | -0.9% |
| 2017 | 0.1728 Percentage of GDP | +6.9% |
| 2018 | 0.1808 Percentage of GDP | +4.6% |
| 2019 | 0.1854 Percentage of GDP | +2.5% |
| 2020 | 0.1824 Percentage of GDP | -1.6% |
| 2021 | 0.1838 Percentage of GDP | +0.8% |
| 2023 | 0.1946 Percentage of GDP | +5.9% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.112 Percentage of GDP | 0.0988 Percentage of GDP | 0.148 Percentage of GDP | 10 |
| 2010s | 0.1615 Percentage of GDP | 0.1459 Percentage of GDP | 0.1854 Percentage of GDP | 10 |
| 2020s | 0.1869 Percentage of GDP | 0.1824 Percentage of GDP | 0.1946 Percentage of GDP | 3 |
Countries ranked near European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020)
- 1 United Kingdom 0.4043 Percentage of GDP compare
- 1 Portugal 0.516 Percentage of GDP compare
- 2 Russia 0.4728 Percentage of GDP compare
- 3 Iceland 0.4404 Percentage of GDP compare
- 3 United States 0.2885 Percentage of GDP compare
- 4 France 0.4168 Percentage of GDP compare
- 4 Türkiye 0.2764 Percentage of GDP compare
More economy & growth data for European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020)
- Annual Purchasing Power Parities and exchange rates — Purchasing 0.6316 National currency per US dollar (2025)
- National CPI, Growth rate over one year, All countries, Food and 3.3 Percent per annum (2025)
- Annual national net lending/net borrowing, US $, current prices 695,099 US dollars, PPP converted (2024)
- National CPI, Growth rate over one year, All countries, Energy -0.6 Percent per annum (2025)
- National CPI, Growth rate over one year, All countries, All items 2.6 Percent per annum (2025)
- Annual net national income per capita, US $, current prices, current 51,840 US dollars per person, PPP converted (2024)
- Annual national disposable income, US $, volume, constant PPPs 17.94 million US dollars, PPP converted (2024)
- Annual net national income per capita, US $, volume, constant PPPs 40,078 US dollars per person, PPP converted (2024)
- National CPI, Growth rate over one year, All countries, Food and 3.2 Percent per annum (2025)
- National CPI, Growth rate over one year, All countries, All items 2.6 Percent per annum (2025)
All data for European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020) →
Frequently asked questions
- What is r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of in European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020)?
- R&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of in European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020) was 0.1946 Percentage of GDP in 2023, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- What is the highest r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of recorded in European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020)?
- The highest recorded value was 0.1946 Percentage of GDP in 2023.
- What is the lowest r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of recorded in European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020)?
- The lowest recorded value was 0.0988 Percentage of GDP in 2005.
- How does European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020) rank for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of?
- European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020) ranks 1st out of 1 regions with data for 2023.
- Is r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of rising or falling in European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020)?
- Over the last ten years it is up 28.5%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020) data come from?
- The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Sum of tax incentive support for business R&D (GTARD) and government-financed BERD. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.