{"entity":{"iso2":null,"iso3":null,"name":"European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020)","slug":"european-union-27-countries-from-01-02-2020"},"indicator":{"licence":"OECD Terms and Conditions (attribution required)","slug":"r-and-d-tax-expenditure-and-direct-government-funding-of-berd-sum-of-tax-incentive","source":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development","source_url":"https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_RDTAX@DF_RDTAX","title":"R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD \u2014 Sum of tax incentive support for business R&D (GTARD) and government-financed BERD","unit":"Percentage of GDP"},"observations":[{"date":"2000-01-01","value":0.1034},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":0.1031},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":0.1003},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":0.1021},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":0.1067},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":0.0988},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":0.1068},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":0.1102},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":0.1406},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":0.148},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":0.1494},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":0.1459},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":0.1522},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":0.1514},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":0.1526},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":0.1632},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":0.1617},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":0.1728},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":0.1808},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":0.1854},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":0.1824},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":0.1838},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":0.1946}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2023-01-01","latest_value":0.1946,"max":0.1946,"mean":0.143313,"min":0.0988,"of":1,"rank":1,"trend":"rising"}}