R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD in Türkiye
Türkiye: R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD was 0.1333 Percentage of GDP in 2024. ◆ Volatile
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD in Türkiye, 2000–2024
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in Percentage of GDP.
Analysis
Türkiye recorded 0.1333 Percentage of GDP for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd in 2024.
The figure is down 18.3% on the previous year and up 251.7% over ten years.
Over the whole period, r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd in Türkiye peaked at 0.1631 Percentage of GDP in 2023 and was at its lowest, 0.0042 Percentage of GDP, in 2002.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD in Türkiye, year by year
| Year | Percentage of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 0.0066 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2001 | 0.0057 Percentage of GDP | -13.6% |
| 2002 | 0.0042 Percentage of GDP | -26.3% |
| 2003 | 0.0047 Percentage of GDP | +11.9% |
| 2004 | 0.0051 Percentage of GDP | +8.5% |
| 2005 | 0.0131 Percentage of GDP | +156.9% |
| 2006 | 0.0178 Percentage of GDP | +35.9% |
| 2007 | 0.0272 Percentage of GDP | +52.8% |
| 2008 | 0.0288 Percentage of GDP | +5.9% |
| 2009 | 0.0484 Percentage of GDP | +68.1% |
| 2010 | 0.0349 Percentage of GDP | -27.9% |
| 2011 | 0.0304 Percentage of GDP | -12.9% |
| 2012 | 0.0349 Percentage of GDP | +14.8% |
| 2013 | 0.0329 Percentage of GDP | -5.7% |
| 2014 | 0.0379 Percentage of GDP | +15.2% |
| 2015 | 0.0465 Percentage of GDP | +22.7% |
| 2016 | 0.0504 Percentage of GDP | +8.4% |
| 2017 | 0.0482 Percentage of GDP | -4.4% |
| 2018 | 0.061 Percentage of GDP | +26.6% |
| 2019 | 0.0786 Percentage of GDP | +28.9% |
| 2020 | 0.0753 Percentage of GDP | -4.2% |
| 2021 | 0.0847 Percentage of GDP | +12.5% |
| 2022 | 0.1376 Percentage of GDP | +62.5% |
| 2023 | 0.1631 Percentage of GDP | +18.5% |
| 2024 | 0.1333 Percentage of GDP | -18.3% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.0162 Percentage of GDP | 0.0042 Percentage of GDP | 0.0484 Percentage of GDP | 10 |
| 2010s | 0.0456 Percentage of GDP | 0.0304 Percentage of GDP | 0.0786 Percentage of GDP | 10 |
| 2020s | 0.1188 Percentage of GDP | 0.0753 Percentage of GDP | 0.1631 Percentage of GDP | 5 |
Countries ranked near Türkiye
- 1 Russian Federation 0.3503 Percentage of GDP compare
- 2 Israel 0.3445 Percentage of GDP compare
- 3 Iceland 0.1602 Percentage of GDP compare
- 3 United Kingdom 0.1305 Percentage of GDP compare
- 4 United States 0.1222 Percentage of GDP compare
- 4 France 0.1479 Percentage of GDP compare
- 5 Estonia 0.1197 Percentage of GDP compare
- 5 Sweden 0.1207 Percentage of GDP compare
More economy & growth data for Türkiye
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 04 - Annual real GDP 2.98 Percent per annum (2029)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 02 - Annual real GDP 3.48 Percent per annum (2029)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Annual growth US$, 2015 prices 3.87 % (2024)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Annual growth US$ 15.14 % (2024)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Annual growth Standard Local 3.87 % (2024)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Annual growth Standard Local Currency 59.13 % (2024)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Share of GDP Standard Local Currency 25.09 % (2024)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Share of GDP Standard Local Currency 31 % (2024)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Share of GDP US$, 2015 prices 25.09 % (2024)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Share of GDP US$ 31 % (2024)
Frequently asked questions
- What is r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd in Türkiye?
- R&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd in Türkiye was 0.1333 Percentage of GDP in 2024, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- What is the highest r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd recorded in Türkiye?
- The highest recorded value was 0.1631 Percentage of GDP in 2023.
- What is the lowest r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd recorded in Türkiye?
- The lowest recorded value was 0.0042 Percentage of GDP in 2002.
- How does Türkiye rank for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd?
- Türkiye ranks 2nd out of 12 countries with data for 2024.
- Is r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd rising or falling in Türkiye?
- Over the last ten years it is up 251.7%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Türkiye data come from?
- The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Government-financed BERD. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.