Russia vs Türkiye: R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD over time
- Russia
- Türkiye
How they compare
Russia currently reports 0.3503 Percentage of GDP against 0.1333 Percentage of GDP in Türkiye, a difference of 0.217 Percentage of GDP.
That makes Russia's figure about 2.6 times Türkiye's.
Across all 21 years both countries report, Russia has been ahead every year.
Russia ranks 1st and Türkiye ranks 2nd of 38 countries.
Russia has averaged higher in every one of the 3 decades both report.
Head to head by decade
| Decade | Russia | Türkiye | Difference | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.3755 Percentage of GDP | 0.0162 Percentage of GDP | 0.3593 Percentage of GDP | Russia |
| 2010s | 0.376 Percentage of GDP | 0.0456 Percentage of GDP | 0.3305 Percentage of GDP | Russia |
| 2020s | 0.3503 Percentage of GDP | 0.0753 Percentage of GDP | 0.275 Percentage of GDP | Russia |
Averages of every year both report within each decade.
Frequently asked questions
- Which has higher r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd, Russia or Türkiye?
- Russia, at 0.3503 Percentage of GDP against 0.1333 Percentage of GDP in Türkiye as of 2020.
- What is the difference in r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd between Russia and Türkiye?
- 0.217 Percentage of GDP, with Russia ahead.
- How many years of comparable data are there for Russia and Türkiye?
- 21 years are reported by both, from 2000 to 2020.
- How do Russia and Türkiye rank globally for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd?
- Russia ranks 1st and Türkiye ranks 2nd of 38 countries.
- Where does this data come from?
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Government-financed BERD. Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.
Individual pages
About this data
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.