R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD in United Kingdom
United Kingdom: R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD was 0.6191 Percentage of GDP in 2023. ▼ Falling
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD in United Kingdom, 2000–2023
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in Percentage of GDP.
Analysis
United Kingdom recorded 0.6191 Percentage of GDP for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd in 2023.
Compared with earlier readings it is up 3.1% on the previous year and up 10.9% over ten years.
Over the whole period, r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd in United Kingdom peaked at 0.6637 Percentage of GDP in 2002 and was at its lowest, 0.5155 Percentage of GDP, in 2016.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 24 years of available data.
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD in United Kingdom, year by year
| Year | Percentage of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 0.6053 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2001 | 0.5868 Percentage of GDP | -3.1% |
| 2002 | 0.6637 Percentage of GDP | +13.1% |
| 2003 | 0.6493 Percentage of GDP | -2.2% |
| 2004 | 0.637 Percentage of GDP | -1.9% |
| 2005 | 0.611 Percentage of GDP | -4.1% |
| 2006 | 0.6074 Percentage of GDP | -0.6% |
| 2007 | 0.6022 Percentage of GDP | -0.9% |
| 2008 | 0.5764 Percentage of GDP | -4.3% |
| 2009 | 0.6046 Percentage of GDP | +4.9% |
| 2010 | 0.5788 Percentage of GDP | -4.3% |
| 2011 | 0.5455 Percentage of GDP | -5.8% |
| 2012 | 0.5287 Percentage of GDP | -3.1% |
| 2013 | 0.5581 Percentage of GDP | +5.6% |
| 2014 | 0.5428 Percentage of GDP | -2.7% |
| 2015 | 0.5267 Percentage of GDP | -3.0% |
| 2016 | 0.5155 Percentage of GDP | -2.1% |
| 2017 | 0.5223 Percentage of GDP | +1.3% |
| 2018 | 0.5442 Percentage of GDP | +4.2% |
| 2019 | 0.5404 Percentage of GDP | -0.7% |
| 2020 | 0.6591 Percentage of GDP | +22.0% |
| 2021 | 0.6039 Percentage of GDP | -8.4% |
| 2022 | 0.6006 Percentage of GDP | -0.5% |
| 2023 | 0.6191 Percentage of GDP | +3.1% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.6144 Percentage of GDP | 0.5764 Percentage of GDP | 0.6637 Percentage of GDP | 10 |
| 2010s | 0.5403 Percentage of GDP | 0.5155 Percentage of GDP | 0.5788 Percentage of GDP | 10 |
| 2020s | 0.6207 Percentage of GDP | 0.6006 Percentage of GDP | 0.6591 Percentage of GDP | 4 |
Countries ranked near United Kingdom
- 4 Netherlands 0.7958 Percentage of GDP compare
- 4 Finland 0.9054 Percentage of GDP compare
- 5 Switzerland 0.9044 Percentage of GDP compare
- 5 United States 0.6804 Percentage of GDP compare
- 6 Denmark 0.8915 Percentage of GDP compare
- 6 Croatia 0.6712 Percentage of GDP compare
- 7 Austria 0.8912 Percentage of GDP compare
- 8 Poland 0.4878 Percentage of GDP compare
- 8 Norway 0.8516 Percentage of GDP compare
- 9 Lithuania 0.4636 Percentage of GDP compare
- 9 Sweden 0.728 Percentage of GDP compare
- 10 OECD 0.69 Percentage of GDP compare
- 10 Türkiye 0.4005 Percentage of GDP compare
More economy & growth data for United Kingdom
- Index of digital trade integration and openness 0.2724 Index (2024)
- Index of digital trade integration and openness (INDIGO) — A. 0.0545 Index (2024)
- Index of digital trade integration and openness (INDIGO) — B. Openess 0.0288 Index (2024)
- Index of digital trade integration and openness (INDIGO) — C. Trust 0.078 Index (2024)
- Index of digital trade integration and openness (INDIGO) — D. 0.0615 Index (2024)
- Index of digital trade integration and openness (INDIGO) — E. Wider 0.0496 Index (2024)
- Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index — Infrastructure and 0 Index (2025)
- Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index — Other barriers 0 Index (2025)
- Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index — Intellectual property 0 Index (2025)
- Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index — Payment system 0 Index (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd in United Kingdom?
- R&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd in United Kingdom was 0.6191 Percentage of GDP in 2023, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- What is the highest r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd recorded in United Kingdom?
- The highest recorded value was 0.6637 Percentage of GDP in 2002.
- What is the lowest r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd recorded in United Kingdom?
- The lowest recorded value was 0.5155 Percentage of GDP in 2016.
- How does United Kingdom rank for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd?
- United Kingdom ranks 7th out of 12 countries with data for 2023.
- Is r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd rising or falling in United Kingdom?
- Over the last ten years it is up 10.9%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this United Kingdom data come from?
- The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
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About this data
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.