Türkiye vs United Kingdom: R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD over time
- Türkiye
- United Kingdom
How they compare
United Kingdom currently reports 0.6191 Percentage of GDP against 0.4005 Percentage of GDP in Türkiye, a difference of 0.2186 Percentage of GDP.
That makes United Kingdom's figure about 1.5 times Türkiye's.
Across all 16 years both countries report, United Kingdom has been ahead every year.
Türkiye ranks 10th and United Kingdom ranks 7th of 12 countries.
United Kingdom has averaged higher in every one of the 3 decades both report.
Head to head by decade
| Decade | Türkiye | United Kingdom | Difference | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.3256 Percentage of GDP | 0.5905 Percentage of GDP | 0.265 Percentage of GDP | United Kingdom |
| 2010s | 0.3808 Percentage of GDP | 0.5403 Percentage of GDP | 0.1595 Percentage of GDP | United Kingdom |
| 2020s | 0.3703 Percentage of GDP | 0.6207 Percentage of GDP | 0.2504 Percentage of GDP | United Kingdom |
Averages of every year both report within each decade.
Frequently asked questions
- Which has higher r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd, Türkiye or United Kingdom?
- United Kingdom, at 0.6191 Percentage of GDP against 0.4005 Percentage of GDP in Türkiye as of 2023.
- What is the difference in r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd between Türkiye and United Kingdom?
- 0.2186 Percentage of GDP, with United Kingdom ahead.
- How many years of comparable data are there for Türkiye and United Kingdom?
- 16 years are reported by both, from 2008 to 2023.
- How do Türkiye and United Kingdom rank globally for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd?
- Türkiye ranks 10th and United Kingdom ranks 7th of 12 countries.
- Where does this data come from?
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD). Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.
Individual pages
About this data
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.