R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD in Türkiye
Türkiye: R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD was 0.4005 Percentage of GDP in 2024. ▲ Rising
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD in Türkiye, 2008–2024
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in Percentage of GDP.
Analysis
Türkiye recorded 0.4005 Percentage of GDP for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd in 2024.
Compared with earlier readings it is up 9.9% on the previous year and up 22.7% over ten years.
Over the whole period, r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd in Türkiye peaked at 0.4412 Percentage of GDP in 2019 and was at its lowest, 0.2646 Percentage of GDP, in 2008.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 17 years of available data.
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD in Türkiye, year by year
| Year | Percentage of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 0.2646 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2009 | 0.3865 Percentage of GDP | +46.1% |
| 2010 | 0.3561 Percentage of GDP | -7.9% |
| 2011 | 0.3508 Percentage of GDP | -1.5% |
| 2012 | 0.3336 Percentage of GDP | -4.9% |
| 2013 | 0.3741 Percentage of GDP | +12.1% |
| 2014 | 0.3264 Percentage of GDP | -12.8% |
| 2015 | 0.363 Percentage of GDP | +11.2% |
| 2016 | 0.4081 Percentage of GDP | +12.4% |
| 2017 | 0.4202 Percentage of GDP | +3.0% |
| 2018 | 0.4344 Percentage of GDP | +3.4% |
| 2019 | 0.4412 Percentage of GDP | +1.6% |
| 2020 | 0.3983 Percentage of GDP | -9.7% |
| 2021 | 0.367 Percentage of GDP | -7.9% |
| 2022 | 0.3513 Percentage of GDP | -4.3% |
| 2023 | 0.3645 Percentage of GDP | +3.8% |
| 2024 | 0.4005 Percentage of GDP | +9.9% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.3256 Percentage of GDP | 0.2646 Percentage of GDP | 0.3865 Percentage of GDP | 2 |
| 2010s | 0.3808 Percentage of GDP | 0.3264 Percentage of GDP | 0.4412 Percentage of GDP | 10 |
| 2020s | 0.3763 Percentage of GDP | 0.3513 Percentage of GDP | 0.4005 Percentage of GDP | 5 |
Countries ranked near Türkiye
- 7 United Kingdom 0.6191 Percentage of GDP compare
- 7 Austria 0.8912 Percentage of GDP compare
- 8 Poland 0.4878 Percentage of GDP compare
- 8 Norway 0.8516 Percentage of GDP compare
- 9 Lithuania 0.4636 Percentage of GDP compare
- 9 Sweden 0.728 Percentage of GDP compare
- 10 OECD 0.69 Percentage of GDP compare
- 11 Belgium 0.6534 Percentage of GDP compare
- 12 France 0.6481 Percentage of GDP compare
- 12 Latvia 0.3656 Percentage of GDP compare
- 13 Italy 0.6145 Percentage of GDP compare
More economy & growth data for Türkiye
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 04 - Annual real GDP 2.98 Percent per annum (2029)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 02 - Annual real GDP 3.48 Percent per annum (2029)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Annual growth US$, 2015 prices 3.87 % (2024)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Annual growth US$ 15.14 % (2024)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Annual growth Standard Local 3.87 % (2024)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Annual growth Standard Local Currency 59.13 % (2024)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Share of GDP Standard Local Currency 25.09 % (2024)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Share of GDP Standard Local Currency 31 % (2024)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Share of GDP US$, 2015 prices 25.09 % (2024)
- Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Share of GDP US$ 31 % (2024)
Frequently asked questions
- What is r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd in Türkiye?
- R&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd in Türkiye was 0.4005 Percentage of GDP in 2024, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- What is the highest r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd recorded in Türkiye?
- The highest recorded value was 0.4412 Percentage of GDP in 2019.
- What is the lowest r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd recorded in Türkiye?
- The lowest recorded value was 0.2646 Percentage of GDP in 2008.
- How does Türkiye rank for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd?
- Türkiye ranks 10th out of 12 countries with data for 2024.
- Is r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd rising or falling in Türkiye?
- Over the last ten years it is up 22.7%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Türkiye data come from?
- The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.