Gross capital formation in Upper middle income
Upper middle income: Gross capital formation was 2.1% in 2025. ◆ Volatile
Gross capital formation in Upper middle income, 1996–2025
Source: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks. Measured in annual % growth.
Analysis
Upper middle income recorded 2.1% for gross capital formation in 2025.
That represents a change of down 34.8% on the previous year and up 128.1% over ten years.
Over the whole period, gross capital formation in Upper middle income peaked at 75.5% in 2002 and was at its lowest, -27.9%, in 1998.
Upper middle income ranks 31st of 38 groups on this measure, in the bottom quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Gross capital formation in Upper middle income, year by year
| Year | annual % growth | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1996 | -17.1% | — |
| 1997 | -0.9% | -94.9% |
| 1998 | -27.9% | +3113.8% |
| 1999 | -15.1% | -46.0% |
| 2000 | -8.9% | -40.7% |
| 2001 | -1.9% | -78.9% |
| 2002 | 75.5% | -4100.8% |
| 2003 | -23.8% | -131.5% |
| 2004 | 60.0% | -352.1% |
| 2005 | 0.4% | -99.3% |
| 2006 | 21.1% | +4835.7% |
| 2007 | 43.5% | +106.1% |
| 2008 | 11.0% | -74.8% |
| 2009 | 11.0% | -0.1% |
| 2010 | 15.1% | +37.6% |
| 2011 | 7.4% | -50.6% |
| 2012 | 5.7% | -23.8% |
| 2013 | 7.2% | +26.8% |
| 2014 | 5.4% | -24.4% |
| 2015 | 0.9% | -82.8% |
| 2016 | 5.5% | +483.6% |
| 2017 | 5.9% | +8.3% |
| 2018 | 5.5% | -7.8% |
| 2019 | 2.9% | -47.2% |
| 2020 | 0.6% | -78.8% |
| 2021 | 5.7% | +833.5% |
| 2022 | 3.2% | -44.7% |
| 2023 | 3.1% | -1.4% |
| 2024 | 3.3% | +5.5% |
| 2025 | 2.1% | -34.8% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | -15.2% | -27.9% | -0.9% | 4 |
| 2000s | 18.8% | -23.8% | 75.5% | 10 |
| 2010s | 6.1% | 0.9% | 15.1% | 10 |
| 2020s | 3.0% | 0.6% | 5.7% | 6 |
Countries ranked near Upper middle income
More economy & growth data for Upper middle income
- Services, value added 17.72 trillion constant 2015 US$ (2025)
- Manufacturing, value added 7.04 trillion current US$ (2025)
- Trade in services 6.9% (2025)
- Industry (including construction), value added 10.96 trillion current US$ (2025)
- Industry (including construction), value added 10.57 trillion constant 2015 US$ (2025)
- Industry (including construction), value added 3.7% (2025)
- Industry (including construction), value added 32.7% (2025)
- Services, value added 19.09 trillion current US$ (2025)
- GDP 31.38 trillion constant 2015 US$ (2025)
- GDP 33.53 trillion current US$ (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is gross capital formation in Upper middle income?
- Gross capital formation in Upper middle income was 2.1% in 2025, according to Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks.
- What is the highest gross capital formation recorded in Upper middle income?
- The highest recorded value was 75.5% in 2002.
- What is the lowest gross capital formation recorded in Upper middle income?
- The lowest recorded value was -27.9% in 1998.
- How does Upper middle income rank for gross capital formation?
- Upper middle income ranks 31st out of 38 groups with data for 2025.
- Is gross capital formation rising or falling in Upper middle income?
- Over the last ten years it is up 128.1%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Upper middle income data come from?
- The figures come from Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks, published as part of Gross capital formation (annual % growth). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 30 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data).
About this data
Gross capital formation includes acquisitions less disposals of produced assets for purposes of fixed capital formation, inventories or valuables. This indicator denotes the percentage change over each previous year of the constant price (base year 2015) series in United States dollars.