R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Sum of in OECD
OECD: R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Sum of was 0.2568 Percentage of GDP in 2024. ▲ Rising
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Sum of in OECD, 2000–2024
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in Percentage of GDP.
Analysis
The most recent figure for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of in OECD is 0.2568 Percentage of GDP, measured in 2024. That is the highest value across all 25 years on record.
Compared with earlier readings it is up 4.3% on the previous year and up 42.4% over ten years.
Over the whole period, r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of in OECD peaked at 0.2568 Percentage of GDP in 2024 and was at its lowest, 0.1525 Percentage of GDP, in 2002.
OECD ranks 9th of 37 countries on this measure, in the top quarter.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 25 years of available data.
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Sum of in OECD, year by year
| Year | Percentage of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 0.1668 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2001 | 0.1617 Percentage of GDP | -3.1% |
| 2002 | 0.1525 Percentage of GDP | -5.7% |
| 2003 | 0.157 Percentage of GDP | +3.0% |
| 2004 | 0.1704 Percentage of GDP | +8.5% |
| 2005 | 0.173 Percentage of GDP | +1.5% |
| 2006 | 0.1796 Percentage of GDP | +3.8% |
| 2007 | 0.1881 Percentage of GDP | +4.7% |
| 2008 | 0.1888 Percentage of GDP | +0.4% |
| 2009 | 0.2023 Percentage of GDP | +7.2% |
| 2010 | 0.1889 Percentage of GDP | -6.6% |
| 2011 | 0.1811 Percentage of GDP | -4.1% |
| 2012 | 0.183 Percentage of GDP | +1.0% |
| 2013 | 0.1829 Percentage of GDP | -0.1% |
| 2014 | 0.1804 Percentage of GDP | -1.4% |
| 2015 | 0.1864 Percentage of GDP | +3.3% |
| 2016 | 0.1771 Percentage of GDP | -5.0% |
| 2017 | 0.1909 Percentage of GDP | +7.8% |
| 2018 | 0.2001 Percentage of GDP | +4.8% |
| 2019 | 0.1996 Percentage of GDP | -0.2% |
| 2020 | 0.2181 Percentage of GDP | +9.3% |
| 2021 | 0.2158 Percentage of GDP | -1.1% |
| 2022 | 0.2328 Percentage of GDP | +7.9% |
| 2023 | 0.2462 Percentage of GDP | +5.8% |
| 2024 | 0.2568 Percentage of GDP | +4.3% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.174 Percentage of GDP | 0.1525 Percentage of GDP | 0.2023 Percentage of GDP | 10 |
| 2010s | 0.187 Percentage of GDP | 0.1771 Percentage of GDP | 0.2001 Percentage of GDP | 10 |
| 2020s | 0.2339 Percentage of GDP | 0.2158 Percentage of GDP | 0.2568 Percentage of GDP | 5 |
Countries ranked near OECD
- 6 Israel 0.3445 Percentage of GDP compare
- 6 Slovenia 0.1744 Percentage of GDP compare
- 7 Poland 0.151 Percentage of GDP compare
- 7 Belgium 0.3009 Percentage of GDP compare
- 8 Estonia 0.1206 Percentage of GDP compare
- 8 China 0.2891 Percentage of GDP compare
- 10 Lithuania 0.0463 Percentage of GDP compare
- 10 Japan 0.2269 Percentage of GDP compare
- 11 Spain 0.2249 Percentage of GDP compare
- 11 Latvia 0.0143 Percentage of GDP compare
- 12 Croatia 0.0118 Percentage of GDP compare
- 12 Ireland 0.2156 Percentage of GDP compare
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- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 16 - Public finances 39.87 Percentage of GDP (2028)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 08 - Sectoral breakdown of 14.77 Percentage of GDP (2022)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 17 - Trade by 6.88 million US dollar (2022)
- Environmentally related tax revenue 1.33 Percentage of GDP (2024)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 28 - International trade 50.6 Percentage of merchandise value (2020)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 21 - Investment and 196.21 Percentage of GDP (2019)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 21 - Investment and 60.43 Percentage of GDP (2019)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 21 - Investment and 3.43 Percentage of GDP (2019)
Frequently asked questions
- What is r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of in OECD?
- R&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of in OECD was 0.2568 Percentage of GDP in 2024, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- What is the highest r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of recorded in OECD?
- The highest recorded value was 0.2568 Percentage of GDP in 2024.
- What is the lowest r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of recorded in OECD?
- The lowest recorded value was 0.1525 Percentage of GDP in 2002.
- How does OECD rank for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of?
- OECD ranks 9th out of 37 countries with data for 2024.
- Is r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of rising or falling in OECD?
- Over the last ten years it is up 42.4%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this OECD data come from?
- The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Sum of tax incentive support for business R&D (GTARD) and government-financed BERD. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.