R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD in United Kingdom
United Kingdom: R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD was 0.8936 Percentage of GDP in 2023. ▲ Rising
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD in United Kingdom, 2000–2023
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in Percentage of GDP.
Analysis
In 2023, r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd in United Kingdom stood at 0.8936 Percentage of GDP.
That represents a change of down 0.5% on the previous year and up 37.5% over ten years.
Over the whole period, r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd in United Kingdom peaked at 0.9818 Percentage of GDP in 2020 and was at its lowest, 0.6016 Percentage of GDP, in 2001.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 24 years of available data.
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD in United Kingdom, year by year
| Year | Percentage of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 0.6117 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2001 | 0.6016 Percentage of GDP | -1.7% |
| 2002 | 0.698 Percentage of GDP | +16.0% |
| 2003 | 0.6917 Percentage of GDP | -0.9% |
| 2004 | 0.6807 Percentage of GDP | -1.6% |
| 2005 | 0.6562 Percentage of GDP | -3.6% |
| 2006 | 0.6534 Percentage of GDP | -0.4% |
| 2007 | 0.6534 Percentage of GDP | +0.0% |
| 2008 | 0.6385 Percentage of GDP | -2.3% |
| 2009 | 0.6681 Percentage of GDP | +4.6% |
| 2010 | 0.6471 Percentage of GDP | -3.1% |
| 2011 | 0.6183 Percentage of GDP | -4.5% |
| 2012 | 0.6086 Percentage of GDP | -1.6% |
| 2013 | 0.6498 Percentage of GDP | +6.8% |
| 2014 | 0.7041 Percentage of GDP | +8.4% |
| 2015 | 0.7326 Percentage of GDP | +4.0% |
| 2016 | 0.7394 Percentage of GDP | +0.9% |
| 2017 | 0.7679 Percentage of GDP | +3.9% |
| 2018 | 0.8348 Percentage of GDP | +8.7% |
| 2019 | 0.8464 Percentage of GDP | +1.4% |
| 2020 | 0.9818 Percentage of GDP | +16.0% |
| 2021 | 0.9311 Percentage of GDP | -5.2% |
| 2022 | 0.8984 Percentage of GDP | -3.5% |
| 2023 | 0.8936 Percentage of GDP | -0.5% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.6553 Percentage of GDP | 0.6016 Percentage of GDP | 0.698 Percentage of GDP | 10 |
| 2010s | 0.7149 Percentage of GDP | 0.6086 Percentage of GDP | 0.8464 Percentage of GDP | 10 |
| 2020s | 0.9262 Percentage of GDP | 0.8936 Percentage of GDP | 0.9818 Percentage of GDP | 4 |
Countries ranked near United Kingdom
- 1 Japan 1.54 Percentage of GDP compare
- 2 Iceland 1.32 Percentage of GDP compare
- 2 Slovenia 0.9177 Percentage of GDP compare
- 3 Netherlands 0.9143 Percentage of GDP compare
- 3 Austria 1.13 Percentage of GDP compare
- 4 Germany 1.06 Percentage of GDP compare
- 5 Denmark 0.9525 Percentage of GDP compare
- 5 United States 0.8808 Percentage of GDP compare
- 6 Estonia 0.7981 Percentage of GDP compare
- 6 Norway 0.9202 Percentage of GDP compare
- 7 Croatia 0.6724 Percentage of GDP compare
- 7 Finland 0.9198 Percentage of GDP compare
More economy & growth data for United Kingdom
- Index of digital trade integration and openness 0.2724 Index (2024)
- Index of digital trade integration and openness (INDIGO) — A. 0.0545 Index (2024)
- Index of digital trade integration and openness (INDIGO) — B. Openess 0.0288 Index (2024)
- Index of digital trade integration and openness (INDIGO) — C. Trust 0.078 Index (2024)
- Index of digital trade integration and openness (INDIGO) — D. 0.0615 Index (2024)
- Index of digital trade integration and openness (INDIGO) — E. Wider 0.0496 Index (2024)
- Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index — Infrastructure and 0 Index (2025)
- Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index — Other barriers 0 Index (2025)
- Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index — Intellectual property 0 Index (2025)
- Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index — Payment system 0 Index (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd in United Kingdom?
- R&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd in United Kingdom was 0.8936 Percentage of GDP in 2023, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- What is the highest r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd recorded in United Kingdom?
- The highest recorded value was 0.9818 Percentage of GDP in 2020.
- What is the lowest r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd recorded in United Kingdom?
- The lowest recorded value was 0.6016 Percentage of GDP in 2001.
- How does United Kingdom rank for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd?
- United Kingdom ranks 4th out of 12 countries with data for 2023.
- Is r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd rising or falling in United Kingdom?
- Over the last ten years it is up 37.5%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this United Kingdom data come from?
- The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Government budgets for R&D and tax incentive support for business R&D (GBARD+GTARD). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.