R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD in Germany
Germany: R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD was 1.06 Percentage of GDP in 2024. ▲ Rising
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD in Germany, 2000–2024
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in Percentage of GDP.
Analysis
In 2024, r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd in Germany stood at 1.06 Percentage of GDP.
That represents a change of down 0.1% on the previous year and up 23.4% over ten years.
Over the whole period, r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd in Germany peaked at 1.1 Percentage of GDP in 2021 and was at its lowest, 0.7257 Percentage of GDP, in 2006.
Germany ranks 4th of 33 countries on this measure, in the top 10%.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 25 years of available data.
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD in Germany, year by year
| Year | Percentage of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 0.7632 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2001 | 0.7497 Percentage of GDP | -1.8% |
| 2002 | 0.7528 Percentage of GDP | +0.4% |
| 2003 | 0.7631 Percentage of GDP | +1.4% |
| 2004 | 0.7389 Percentage of GDP | -3.2% |
| 2005 | 0.7404 Percentage of GDP | +0.2% |
| 2006 | 0.7257 Percentage of GDP | -2.0% |
| 2007 | 0.7356 Percentage of GDP | +1.4% |
| 2008 | 0.7605 Percentage of GDP | +3.4% |
| 2009 | 0.8705 Percentage of GDP | +14.5% |
| 2010 | 0.8801 Percentage of GDP | +1.1% |
| 2011 | 0.8644 Percentage of GDP | -1.8% |
| 2012 | 0.8599 Percentage of GDP | -0.5% |
| 2013 | 0.8851 Percentage of GDP | +2.9% |
| 2014 | 0.855 Percentage of GDP | -3.4% |
| 2015 | 0.8595 Percentage of GDP | +0.5% |
| 2016 | 0.8872 Percentage of GDP | +3.2% |
| 2017 | 0.9049 Percentage of GDP | +2.0% |
| 2018 | 0.9249 Percentage of GDP | +2.2% |
| 2019 | 0.961 Percentage of GDP | +3.9% |
| 2020 | 1.08 Percentage of GDP | +12.1% |
| 2021 | 1.1 Percentage of GDP | +2.0% |
| 2022 | 1.08 Percentage of GDP | -1.4% |
| 2023 | 1.06 Percentage of GDP | -2.5% |
| 2024 | 1.06 Percentage of GDP | -0.1% |
Germany compared with similar countries
- Germany's 1.06 Percentage of GDP is above the median for high income countries, which is 0.602 Percentage of GDP, 1.8× the median. (29 countries reporting)
- Germany's 1.06 Percentage of GDP is above the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 0.7274 Percentage of GDP, 1.5× the median. (22 countries reporting)
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.76 Percentage of GDP | 0.7257 Percentage of GDP | 0.8705 Percentage of GDP | 10 |
| 2010s | 0.8882 Percentage of GDP | 0.855 Percentage of GDP | 0.961 Percentage of GDP | 10 |
| 2020s | 1.07 Percentage of GDP | 1.06 Percentage of GDP | 1.1 Percentage of GDP | 5 |
Countries ranked near Germany
- 1 Japan 1.54 Percentage of GDP compare
- 2 Iceland 1.32 Percentage of GDP compare
- 2 Slovenia 0.9177 Percentage of GDP compare
- 3 Netherlands 0.9143 Percentage of GDP compare
- 3 Austria 1.13 Percentage of GDP compare
- 4 United Kingdom 0.8936 Percentage of GDP compare
- 5 Denmark 0.9525 Percentage of GDP compare
- 5 United States 0.8808 Percentage of GDP compare
- 6 Estonia 0.7981 Percentage of GDP compare
- 6 Norway 0.9202 Percentage of GDP compare
- 7 Croatia 0.6724 Percentage of GDP compare
- 7 Finland 0.9198 Percentage of GDP compare
More economy & growth data for Germany
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 04 - Annual real GDP 0.7761 Percent per annum (2029)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 02 - Annual real GDP 0.6565 Percent per annum (2029)
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), gaps 108.13 billion BoP, current US$ (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), per unit 0.0214 BoP, current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), per capita 1,295 BoP, current US$ per person (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), gaps filled 95.19 billion BoP, current US$ (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), annual 51.97 % change on previous year (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), per unit 0.0188 BoP, current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), per capita 1,140 BoP, current US$ per person (2025)
- Total reserves (includes gold, current US$), annual growth rate 51.4 % change on previous year (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd in Germany?
- R&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd in Germany was 1.06 Percentage of GDP in 2024, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- What is the highest r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd recorded in Germany?
- The highest recorded value was 1.1 Percentage of GDP in 2021.
- What is the lowest r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd recorded in Germany?
- The lowest recorded value was 0.7257 Percentage of GDP in 2006.
- How does Germany rank for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd?
- Germany ranks 4th out of 33 countries with data for 2024.
- Is r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd rising or falling in Germany?
- Over the last ten years it is up 23.4%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Germany data come from?
- The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Government budgets for R&D and tax incentive support for business R&D (GBARD+GTARD). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.