Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure, PPP (constant 2021 international $), per square kilometre by country
Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure, PPP (constant 2021 international $) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Countries reporting
167
Highest
616.91 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
Macao
Lowest
3,166 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
Greenland
Median
731,984 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
Years covered
34
1990–2023
Data points
6,087
What the numbers show
Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure, PPP (constant 2021 international $), per square kilometre is currently reported for 167 countries. The highest value is 616.91 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre in Macao; the lowest is 3,166 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre in Greenland.
The median across all reporting countries is 731,984 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre, and the mean is 9.61 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre.
Over the past decade 156 countries rose and 11 fell. The largest increase was in Vanuatu (up 144.6%), and the largest decrease in Syria (down 87.2%).
Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure, PPP (constant): full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Macao | 616.91 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 11.5% | rising |
| 2 | Hong Kong | 290.27 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 20.0% | rising |
| 3 | Singapore | 256.29 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 31.4% | rising |
| 4 | Bermuda | 47.96 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 2.0% | falling |
| 5 | Malta | 41.73 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 67.2% | rising |
| 6 | Bahrain | 39.06 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 14.3% | rising |
| 7 | Maldives | 15.77 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 80.3% | rising |
| 8 | Netherlands | 15.21 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 16.5% | rising |
| 9 | San Marino | 14.31 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 22.8% | rising |
| 10 | South Korea | 11.87 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 22.9% | rising |
| 11 | Belgium | 10.85 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 11.9% | rising |
| 12 | Puerto Rico | 10.82 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 29.2% | rising |
| 13 | Mauritius | 10.02 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 11.9% | rising |
| 14 | Luxembourg | 9.91 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 35.5% | rising |
| 15 | Israel | 9.40 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 39.7% | rising |
| 16 | United Kingdom | 8.28 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 15.7% | rising |
| 17 | United States Virgin Islands | 8.26 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2022 | down 2.5% | flat |
| 18 | Switzerland | 7.97 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 12.7% | rising |
| 19 | Japan | 7.75 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 1.6% | rising |
| 20 | Germany | 7.51 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 11.1% | rising |
| 21 | Bangladesh | 7.01 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 68.8% | rising |
| 22 | Lebanon | 6.77 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 8.5% | rising |
| 23 | Guam | 6.45 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2022 | up 7.6% | rising |
| 24 | Italy | 5.31 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 4.9% | rising |
| 25 | Kuwait | 5.28 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 23.5% | rising |
| 26 | Palestine | 5.01 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 31.7% | rising |
| 27 | United Arab Emirates | 4.38 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 78.0% | rising |
| 28 | Seychelles | 4.12 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 93.0% | rising |
| 29 | Denmark | 3.85 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 13.3% | rising |
| 30 | Dominican Republic | 3.59 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 53.5% | rising |
| 31 | Austria | 3.42 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 8.6% | rising |
| 32 | France | 3.23 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 11.5% | rising |
| 33 | American Samoa | 3.07 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2022 | up 18.6% | flat |
| 34 | Sri Lanka | 2.99 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 7.8% | rising |
| 35 | Cyprus | 2.84 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 42.8% | rising |
| 36 | India | 2.74 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 78.6% | volatile |
| 37 | Philippines | 2.70 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 56.9% | rising |
| 38 | Poland | 2.69 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 37.7% | rising |
| 39 | Portugal | 2.64 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 21.7% | rising |
| 40 | Czechia | 2.55 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 15.9% | rising |
| 41 | El Salvador | 2.42 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 15.4% | rising |
| 42 | Slovenia | 2.30 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 30.9% | rising |
| 43 | Spain | 2.26 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 14.8% | rising |
| 44 | Vietnam | 2.23 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 71.9% | volatile |
| 45 | Slovakia | 2.14 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 31.1% | rising |
| 46 | Turkey | 2.10 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 89.2% | rising |
| 47 | Malaysia | 2.05 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 70.1% | volatile |
| 48 | Ireland | 1.86 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 39.9% | rising |
| 49 | United States | 1.86 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 31.4% | rising |
| 50 | Hungary | 1.82 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 41.9% | rising |
| 51 | Greece | 1.81 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 19.6% | rising |
| 52 | Romania | 1.79 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 63.9% | rising |
| 53 | Brunei | 1.76 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 75.1% | rising |
| 54 | Guatemala | 1.69 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 48.7% | rising |
| 55 | Northern Mariana Islands | 1.61 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2022 | up 46.1% | rising |
| 56 | Thailand | 1.60 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 34.6% | rising |
| 57 | Pakistan | 1.55 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 64.9% | rising |
| 58 | Costa Rica | 1.52 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 39.2% | rising |
| 59 | Egypt | 1.44 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 49.0% | rising |
| 60 | Croatia | 1.39 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 30.0% | rising |
| 61 | China | 1.33 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 99.2% | volatile |
| 62 | Comoros | 1.33 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 30.9% | rising |
| 63 | Sao Tome and Principe | 1.32 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 49.0% | rising |
| 64 | Armenia | 1.21 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 22.1% | rising |
| 65 | Rwanda | 1.14 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 45.8% | volatile |
| 66 | Haiti | 1.14 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 15.1% | rising |
| 67 | Serbia | 1.07 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 25.8% | rising |
| 68 | Bulgaria | 1.05 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 40.7% | rising |
| 69 | Lithuania | 1.04 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 31.6% | rising |
| 70 | Indonesia | 1.03 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 46.0% | rising |
| 71 | Albania | 1.02 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 26.3% | rising |
| 72 | North Macedonia | 1.01 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 36.7% | rising |
| 73 | Marshall Islands | 969,806 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 3.6% | rising |
| 74 | Tonga | 917,667 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 24.8% | rising |
| 75 | Moldova | 914,248 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 21.4% | rising |
| 76 | Mexico | 913,990 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 18.7% | rising |
| 77 | Panama | 913,394 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 42.3% | rising |
| 78 | Nepal | 824,381 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 53.3% | rising |
| 79 | Montenegro | 800,773 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 51.9% | rising |
| 80 | Bahamas | 762,124 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 15.6% | rising |
| 81 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 755,322 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 19.5% | rising |
| 82 | Cape Verde | 749,682 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 50.4% | rising |
| 83 | Ghana | 746,015 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 52.3% | rising |
| 84 | Tunisia | 731,984 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 20.3% | rising |
| 85 | Georgia | 674,267 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 62.0% | rising |
| 86 | Gambia | 670,525 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 47.3% | rising |
| 87 | Sweden | 666,833 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 19.5% | rising |
| 88 | Belarus | 646,039 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 30.5% | volatile |
| 89 | Ecuador | 624,525 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 23.3% | rising |
| 90 | Kiribati | 600,391 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 124.9% | rising |
| 91 | Estonia | 596,766 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 39.3% | rising |
| 92 | Latvia | 577,222 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 21.7% | rising |
| 93 | Ukraine | 567,706 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 21.3% | rising |
| 94 | Colombia | 562,668 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 45.3% | rising |
| 95 | Iraq | 528,275 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 14.2% | rising |
| 96 | Norway | 527,941 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 26.9% | rising |
| 97 | New Zealand | 525,046 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 42.3% | rising |
| 98 | Uzbekistan | 502,514 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 102.6% | rising |
| 99 | Honduras | 480,553 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 53.8% | volatile |
| 100 | Finland | 475,484 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 6.1% | rising |
| 101 | Equatorial Guinea | 469,900 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 19.2% | rising |
| 102 | Palau | 443,207 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 1.7% | rising |
| 103 | Uganda | 438,477 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 57.1% | volatile |
| 104 | Morocco | 437,340 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 23.9% | rising |
| 105 | Eswatini | 436,969 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 13.2% | rising |
| 106 | South Africa | 432,482 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 12.7% | rising |
| 107 | Saudi Arabia | 425,986 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 61.3% | rising |
| 108 | Cote d'Ivoire | 410,780 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 92.7% | rising |
| 109 | Kenya | 405,419 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 49.2% | rising |
| 110 | Iran | 404,547 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 5.4% | rising |
| 111 | Chile | 402,364 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 27.1% | rising |
| 112 | Cambodia | 374,290 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 42.7% | volatile |
| 113 | Samoa | 367,860 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 30.4% | rising |
| 114 | Togo | 331,973 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 57.0% | rising |
| 115 | Sierra Leone | 318,958 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 32.1% | volatile |
| 116 | Syria | 318,272 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2022 | down 87.2% | falling |
| 117 | Malawi | 315,218 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 23.4% | rising |
| 118 | Burundi | 307,202 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 15.6% | rising |
| 119 | Benin | 299,916 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 49.7% | rising |
| 120 | Brazil | 290,406 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 7.7% | rising |
| 121 | Nicaragua | 280,994 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 39.6% | rising |
| 122 | Argentina | 273,378 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 0.1% | rising |
| 123 | Senegal | 253,973 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 52.2% | rising |
| 124 | Djibouti | 242,002 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 129.0% | rising |
| 125 | Ethiopia | 234,162 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 105.7% | rising |
| 126 | Oman | 234,054 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 51.5% | rising |
| 127 | Tajikistan | 228,961 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 53.8% | rising |
| 128 | Peru | 225,863 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 30.2% | rising |
| 129 | Cameroon | 206,373 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 48.3% | rising |
| 130 | Kyrgyzstan | 199,296 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 76.5% | rising |
| 131 | East Timor | 195,098 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 34.4% | rising |
| 132 | Lesotho | 183,855 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 18.4% | rising |
| 133 | Russia | 171,132 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 11.1% | rising |
| 134 | Paraguay | 163,998 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 35.2% | rising |
| 135 | Zimbabwe | 155,710 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 5.7% | rising |
| 136 | Tanzania | 155,277 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 42.6% | rising |
| 137 | Guinea | 150,477 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 38.5% | rising |
| 138 | Bhutan | 147,212 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 66.7% | volatile |
| 139 | Canada | 137,153 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 27.9% | rising |
| 140 | Burkina Faso | 136,131 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 36.6% | rising |
| 141 | Belize | 133,786 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 30.0% | rising |
| 142 | Angola | 132,557 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 77.0% | rising |
| 143 | Guinea-Bissau | 131,666 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 74.7% | rising |
| 144 | Kazakhstan | 126,005 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 36.5% | rising |
| 145 | Algeria | 122,480 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 26.2% | rising |
| 146 | Iceland | 117,403 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 41.8% | rising |
| 147 | Australia | 102,356 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 24.9% | rising |
| 148 | Bolivia | 89,158 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 31.0% | rising |
| 149 | Vanuatu | 79,159 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 144.6% | volatile |
| 150 | Madagascar | 66,690 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 25.5% | rising |
| 151 | Somalia | 50,970 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 69.3% | rising |
| 152 | Gabon | 48,520 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 11.6% | rising |
| 153 | Mozambique | 48,188 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 55.6% | volatile |
| 154 | Congo | 47,079 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 29.1% | rising |
| 155 | Solomon Islands | 46,066 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 39.2% | rising |
| 156 | Mali | 43,172 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 55.9% | rising |
| 157 | Sudan | 42,772 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 19.0% | flat |
| 158 | Botswana | 33,899 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 36.4% | rising |
| 159 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 31,609 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 40.9% | rising |
| 160 | Namibia | 27,317 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 52.2% | volatile |
| 161 | Niger | 25,201 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 69.0% | rising |
| 162 | Chad | 21,855 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 25.8% | volatile |
| 163 | Mongolia | 18,340 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 64.3% | rising |
| 164 | Libya | 16,113 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 24.8% | falling |
| 165 | Mauritania | 15,120 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 37.0% | rising |
| 166 | Central African Republic | 7,570 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 79.6% | rising |
| 167 | Greenland | 3,166 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 9.1% | rising |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Euro area 3.34 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- European Union 2.88 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- South Asia 2.80 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- South Asia (IDA & IBRD) 2.80 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- Central Europe and the Baltics 1.87 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- Post-demographic dividend 1.18 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- OECD members 1.16 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries) 1.11 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) 1.11 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- North America 1.02 million constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- East Asia & Pacific 973,669 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- Lower middle income 920,804 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- High income 843,305 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- Early-demographic dividend 741,972 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- Europe & Central Asia 727,734 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- Middle income 706,505 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- World 683,820 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- Upper middle income 653,469 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- IBRD only 624,949 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- Low & middle income 586,721 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- Late-demographic dividend 557,819 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- Other small states 556,188 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) 546,455 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- IDA & IBRD total 524,167 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 506,649 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income) 448,288 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (IDA & IBRD) 445,623 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- Latin America & Caribbean 395,137 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries) 385,684 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) 385,382 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- Arab World 338,082 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries) 323,754 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- Small states 301,426 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- IDA only 168,806 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- Sub-Saharan Africa 163,765 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries) 163,765 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) 163,712 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- Least developed countries 144,707 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- Africa Eastern and Southern 131,141 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
- Heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC) 98,061 constant 2021 international $ per square kilometre
How this figure is calculated
Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure, PPP (constant 2021 international $) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure, PPP (constant 2021 international $) ÷ Land area (sq. km)
Computed from
- Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure, PPP International Comparison Program (ICP), World Bank (WB)
- Land area FAOSTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure, PPP (constant 2021 international $) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.