Gross domestic expenditure on R&D by sector of performance and in Germany
Germany: Gross domestic expenditure on R&D by sector of performance and was 155,922 US dollars, PPP converted in 2021. ▲ Rising
Latest (2021)
155,922 US dollars, PPP converted
Change on year
up 3.4%
World rank
2nd
of 30 countries
All-time high
158,395 US dollars, PPP converted
in 2019
All-time low
54,718 US dollars, PPP converted
in 1981
Years of data
41
1981–2021
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D by sector of performance and in Germany, 1981–2021
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in US dollars, PPP converted.
Analysis
The most recent figure for gross domestic expenditure on r&d by sector of performance and in Germany is 155,922 US dollars, PPP converted, measured in 2021.
The figure is up 3.4% on the previous year and up 25.1% over ten years.
Over the whole period, gross domestic expenditure on r&d by sector of performance and in Germany peaked at 158,395 US dollars, PPP converted in 2019 and was at its lowest, 54,718 US dollars, PPP converted, in 1981.
Germany ranks 2nd of 30 countries on this measure, in the top 10%.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 41 years of available data.
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D by sector of performance and in Germany, year by year
| Year | US dollars, PPP converted | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1981 | 54,718 US dollars, PPP converted | — |
| 1982 | 56,093 US dollars, PPP converted | +2.5% |
| 1983 | 57,155 US dollars, PPP converted | +1.9% |
| 1984 | 58,783 US dollars, PPP converted | +2.8% |
| 1985 | 64,487 US dollars, PPP converted | +9.7% |
| 1986 | 66,647 US dollars, PPP converted | +3.3% |
| 1987 | 70,460 US dollars, PPP converted | +5.7% |
| 1988 | 72,722 US dollars, PPP converted | +3.2% |
| 1989 | 75,109 US dollars, PPP converted | +3.3% |
| 1990 | 75,925 US dollars, PPP converted | +1.1% |
| 1991 | 81,866 US dollars, PPP converted | +7.8% |
| 1992 | 79,465 US dollars, PPP converted | -2.9% |
| 1993 | 76,439 US dollars, PPP converted | -3.8% |
| 1994 | 75,521 US dollars, PPP converted | -1.2% |
| 1995 | 77,131 US dollars, PPP converted | +2.1% |
| 1996 | 78,118 US dollars, PPP converted | +1.3% |
| 1997 | 81,208 US dollars, PPP converted | +4.0% |
| 1998 | 84,018 US dollars, PPP converted | +3.5% |
| 1999 | 90,164 US dollars, PPP converted | +7.3% |
| 2000 | 95,034 US dollars, PPP converted | +5.4% |
| 2001 | 96,251 US dollars, PPP converted | +1.3% |
| 2002 | 97,312 US dollars, PPP converted | +1.1% |
| 2003 | 98,157 US dollars, PPP converted | +0.9% |
| 2004 | 97,798 US dollars, PPP converted | -0.4% |
| 2005 | 98,645 US dollars, PPP converted | +0.9% |
| 2006 | 103,573 US dollars, PPP converted | +5.0% |
| 2007 | 106,378 US dollars, PPP converted | +2.7% |
| 2008 | 114,026 US dollars, PPP converted | +7.2% |
| 2009 | 112,738 US dollars, PPP converted | -1.1% |
| 2010 | 116,855 US dollars, PPP converted | +3.7% |
| 2011 | 124,594 US dollars, PPP converted | +6.6% |
| 2012 | 128,586 US dollars, PPP converted | +3.2% |
| 2013 | 127,057 US dollars, PPP converted | -1.2% |
| 2014 | 131,759 US dollars, PPP converted | +3.7% |
| 2015 | 136,471 US dollars, PPP converted | +3.6% |
| 2016 | 139,930 US dollars, PPP converted | +2.5% |
| 2017 | 148,934 US dollars, PPP converted | +6.4% |
| 2018 | 153,711 US dollars, PPP converted | +3.2% |
| 2019 | 158,395 US dollars, PPP converted | +3.0% |
| 2020 | 150,789 US dollars, PPP converted | -4.8% |
| 2021 | 155,922 US dollars, PPP converted | +3.4% |
Germany compared with similar countries
- Germany's 155,922 US dollars, PPP converted is above the median for high income countries, which is 8,279 US dollars, PPP converted, 18.8× the median. (25 countries reporting)
- Germany's 155,922 US dollars, PPP converted is above the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 7,972 US dollars, PPP converted, 19.6× the median. (20 countries reporting)
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980s | 64,019 US dollars, PPP converted | 54,718 US dollars, PPP converted | 75,109 US dollars, PPP converted | 9 |
| 1990s | 79,986 US dollars, PPP converted | 75,521 US dollars, PPP converted | 90,164 US dollars, PPP converted | 10 |
| 2000s | 101,991 US dollars, PPP converted | 95,034 US dollars, PPP converted | 114,026 US dollars, PPP converted | 10 |
| 2010s | 136,629 US dollars, PPP converted | 116,855 US dollars, PPP converted | 158,395 US dollars, PPP converted | 10 |
| 2020s | 153,356 US dollars, PPP converted | 150,789 US dollars, PPP converted | 155,922 US dollars, PPP converted | 2 |
Countries ranked near Germany
- 1 United States 636,172 US dollars, PPP converted compare
- 1 Japan 204,376 US dollars, PPP converted compare
- 3 United Kingdom 102,458 US dollars, PPP converted compare
- 3 France 79,386 US dollars, PPP converted compare
- 4 Türkiye 45,563 US dollars, PPP converted compare
- 4 Chinese Taipei 65,085 US dollars, PPP converted compare
- 5 Poland 24,416 US dollars, PPP converted compare
- 5 Russian Federation 46,621 US dollars, PPP converted compare
More economy & growth data for Germany
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 04 - Annual real GDP 0.7761 Percent per annum (2029)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 02 - Annual real GDP 0.6565 Percent per annum (2029)
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), gaps 108.13 billion BoP, current US$ (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), per unit 0.0214 BoP, current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), per capita 1,295 BoP, current US$ per person (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), gaps filled 95.19 billion BoP, current US$ (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), annual 51.97 % change on previous year (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), per unit 0.0188 BoP, current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), per capita 1,140 BoP, current US$ per person (2025)
- Total reserves (includes gold, current US$), annual growth rate 51.4 % change on previous year (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is gross domestic expenditure on r&d by sector of performance and in Germany?
- Gross domestic expenditure on r&d by sector of performance and in Germany was 155,922 US dollars, PPP converted in 2021, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- What is the highest gross domestic expenditure on r&d by sector of performance and recorded in Germany?
- The highest recorded value was 158,395 US dollars, PPP converted in 2019.
- What is the lowest gross domestic expenditure on r&d by sector of performance and recorded in Germany?
- The lowest recorded value was 54,718 US dollars, PPP converted in 1981.
- How does Germany rank for gross domestic expenditure on r&d by sector of performance and?
- Germany ranks 2nd out of 30 countries with data for 2021.
- Is gross domestic expenditure on r&d by sector of performance and rising or falling in Germany?
- Over the last ten years it is up 25.1%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Germany data come from?
- The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of Gross domestic expenditure on R&D by sector of performance and socio-economic objectives — Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
This table contains data on Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) by socio-economic objective (SEO), using the NABS 2007 classification i.e.: Exploration and exploitation of the Earth, Environment, Exploration and exploitation of space, Transport, telecommunication and other infrastructures, Energy, Industrial production and technology, Health, Agriculture, Education, Culture, recreation, religion and mass media, Political and social systems, structures and processes, General advancement of knowledge, and Defence.