External debt as a share of gross national income in Türkiye
Türkiye: External debt as a share of gross national income was 39.4% in 2024. ▲ Rising
External debt as a share of gross national income in Türkiye, 2000–2024
Source: World Bank – processed by Our World in Data. Measured in %.
Analysis
In 2024, external debt as a share of gross national income in Türkiye stood at 39.4%.
Compared with earlier readings it is down 12.8% on the previous year and down 11.4% over ten years.
Over the whole period, external debt as a share of gross national income in Türkiye peaked at 60.3% in 2020 and was at its lowest, 35.6%, in 2005.
Türkiye ranks 69th of 121 countries on this measure, in the middle of the range.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 25 years of available data.
External debt as a share of gross national income in Türkiye, year by year
| Year | % | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 43.2% | — |
| 2001 | 57.4% | +32.9% |
| 2002 | 55.9% | -2.6% |
| 2003 | 48.0% | -14.1% |
| 2004 | 41.0% | -14.5% |
| 2005 | 35.6% | -13.3% |
| 2006 | 39.5% | +11.0% |
| 2007 | 39.8% | +0.8% |
| 2008 | 38.6% | -3.0% |
| 2009 | 44.6% | +15.5% |
| 2010 | 41.1% | -7.8% |
| 2011 | 38.6% | -6.1% |
| 2012 | 40.4% | +4.8% |
| 2013 | 42.4% | +4.8% |
| 2014 | 44.5% | +4.9% |
| 2015 | 46.7% | +5.1% |
| 2016 | 46.4% | -0.8% |
| 2017 | 52.7% | +13.7% |
| 2018 | 55.5% | +5.2% |
| 2019 | 55.3% | -0.3% |
| 2020 | 60.3% | +9.1% |
| 2021 | 53.7% | -10.9% |
| 2022 | 50.8% | -5.5% |
| 2023 | 45.2% | -11.0% |
| 2024 | 39.4% | -12.8% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 44.4% | 35.6% | 57.4% | 10 |
| 2010s | 46.4% | 38.6% | 55.5% | 10 |
| 2020s | 49.9% | 39.4% | 60.3% | 5 |
Countries ranked near Türkiye
More economy & growth data for Türkiye
- Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) (current US$), annual growth 17.27 % change on previous year (2025)
- Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) (current US$), per unit of GDP 0.8866 current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) (current US$), per capita 16,490 current US$ per person (2025)
- Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) (current LCU), annual growth 41.04 % change on previous year (2025)
- Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) (current LCU), per unit of GDP 34.98 current LCU per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) (current LCU), per capita 650,599 current LCU per person (2025)
- Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) (constant 2015 US$), annual 3.19 % change on previous year (2025)
- Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) (constant 2015 US$), per unit 0.7537 constant 2015 US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) (constant 2015 US$), per 14,019 constant 2015 US$ per person (2025)
- Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) (constant LCU), annual growth 3.19 % change on previous year (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is external debt as a share of gross national income in Türkiye?
- External debt as a share of gross national income in Türkiye was 39.4% in 2024, according to World Bank – processed by Our World in Data.
- What is the highest external debt as a share of gross national income recorded in Türkiye?
- The highest recorded value was 60.3% in 2020.
- What is the lowest external debt as a share of gross national income recorded in Türkiye?
- The lowest recorded value was 35.6% in 2005.
- How does Türkiye rank for external debt as a share of gross national income?
- Türkiye ranks 69th out of 121 countries with data for 2024.
- Is external debt as a share of gross national income rising or falling in Türkiye?
- Over the last ten years it is down 11.4%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Türkiye data come from?
- The figures come from World Bank – processed by Our World in Data, published as part of External debt as a share of gross national income. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 25 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data).
About this data
External debt stocks as a proportion of GNI (%).