Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP in Montenegro
Montenegro: Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP was 0.4% in 2019. ◆ Volatile
Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP in Montenegro, 2003–2019
Source: United Nations Statistics Division, SDG Global Database. Measured in %.
Analysis
In 2019, research and development expenditure as a proportion of gdp in Montenegro stood at 0.4%.
Compared with earlier readings it is down 27.9% on the previous year and down 68.3% over ten years.
Over the whole period, research and development expenditure as a proportion of gdp in Montenegro peaked at 1.2% in 2006 and was at its lowest, 0.3%, in 2011.
Montenegro ranks 76th of 121 countries on this measure, in the middle of the range.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP in Montenegro, year by year
| Year | % | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2003 | 0.8% | — |
| 2004 | 1.0% | +27.7% |
| 2005 | 0.9% | -9.3% |
| 2006 | 1.2% | +33.0% |
| 2007 | 1.1% | -6.9% |
| 2011 | 0.3% | -72.5% |
| 2013 | 0.4% | +18.9% |
| 2014 | 0.4% | -3.0% |
| 2015 | 0.4% | +3.0% |
| 2016 | 0.3% | -13.2% |
| 2017 | 0.3% | +7.5% |
| 2018 | 0.5% | +44.3% |
| 2019 | 0.4% | -27.9% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 1.0% | 0.8% | 1.2% | 5 |
| 2010s | 0.4% | 0.3% | 0.5% | 8 |
Countries ranked near Montenegro
- 73 Oman 0.4% compare
- 74 North Macedonia 0.4% compare
- 75 Ukraine 0.4% compare
- 77 Costa Rica 0.3% compare
- 78 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 0.3% compare
- 79 Mozambique 0.3% compare
More economy & growth data for Montenegro
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 04 - Annual real GDP 3.15 Percent per annum (2029)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 02 - Annual real GDP 3 Percent per annum (2029)
- Gross capital formation (constant 2015 US$), annual growth rate 8.03 % change on previous year (2025)
- Gross capital formation (constant 2015 US$), per unit of GDP 0.1827 constant 2015 US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Gross capital formation (constant 2015 US$), per capita 2,706 constant 2015 US$ per person (2025)
- Imports of goods and services (current US$), annual growth rate 10.77 % change on previous year (2025)
- Imports of goods and services (current US$), per unit of GDP 0.6571 current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Imports of goods and services (current US$), per capita 9,736 current US$ per person (2025)
- Imports of goods and services (current LCU), annual growth rate 6.1 % change on previous year (2025)
- Imports of goods and services (current LCU), per unit of GDP 0.5815 current LCU per US$ of GDP (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is research and development expenditure as a proportion of gdp in Montenegro?
- Research and development expenditure as a proportion of gdp in Montenegro was 0.4% in 2019, according to United Nations Statistics Division, SDG Global Database.
- What is the highest research and development expenditure as a proportion of gdp recorded in Montenegro?
- The highest recorded value was 1.2% in 2006.
- What is the lowest research and development expenditure as a proportion of gdp recorded in Montenegro?
- The lowest recorded value was 0.3% in 2011.
- How does Montenegro rank for research and development expenditure as a proportion of gdp?
- Montenegro ranks 76th out of 121 countries with data for 2019.
- Is research and development expenditure as a proportion of gdp rising or falling in Montenegro?
- Over the last ten years it is down 68.3%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Montenegro data come from?
- The figures come from United Nations Statistics Division, SDG Global Database, published as part of Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP (%). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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