Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP in Landlocked developing countries (LLDCs)
Landlocked developing countries (LLDCs): Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP was 0.2% in 2023. ▼ Falling
Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP in Landlocked developing countries (LLDCs), 2000–2023
Source: United Nations Statistics Division, SDG Global Database.
Analysis
In 2023, research and development expenditure as a proportion of gdp in Landlocked developing countries (LLDCs) stood at 0.2%.
The figure is up 2.6% on the previous year and down 14.0% over ten years.
Over the whole period, research and development expenditure as a proportion of gdp in Landlocked developing countries (LLDCs) peaked at 0.2% in 2002 and was at its lowest, 0.2%, in 2019.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 24 years of available data.
Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP in Landlocked developing countries (LLDCs), year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 0.2% | — |
| 2001 | 0.2% | +4.1% |
| 2002 | 0.2% | +0.6% |
| 2003 | 0.2% | -3.2% |
| 2004 | 0.2% | -2.2% |
| 2005 | 0.2% | -1.0% |
| 2006 | 0.2% | -6.5% |
| 2007 | 0.2% | -4.1% |
| 2008 | 0.2% | +0.4% |
| 2009 | 0.2% | +8.1% |
| 2010 | 0.2% | -7.6% |
| 2011 | 0.2% | +2.7% |
| 2012 | 0.2% | +5.1% |
| 2013 | 0.2% | +5.6% |
| 2014 | 0.2% | -1.3% |
| 2015 | 0.2% | +0.5% |
| 2016 | 0.2% | -2.4% |
| 2017 | 0.2% | -3.8% |
| 2018 | 0.2% | -9.9% |
| 2019 | 0.2% | -2.3% |
| 2020 | 0.2% | +6.2% |
| 2021 | 0.2% | -2.2% |
| 2022 | 0.2% | -1.7% |
| 2023 | 0.2% | +2.6% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 10 |
| 2010s | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 10 |
| 2020s | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 4 |
Countries ranked near Landlocked developing countries (LLDCs)
More economy & growth data for Landlocked developing countries (LLDCs)
- Foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows 22,748 (2024)
- Annual growth rate of real GDP per employed person 2.6% (2025)
- Manufacturing value added (constant 2020 United States dollars) as a 12.1% (2025)
- Manufacturing value added (current United States dollars) as a 12.2% (2024)
- Annual growth rate of real GDP per capita 2.2% (2024)
- Domestic material consumption per unit of GDP, by type of raw material 3.87 (2024)
- Merchandise trade as a proportion of GDP 49.4% (2024)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows, as a proportion of GDP 2.4% (2024)
- Annual GDP growth 4.9% (2024)
- Annual growth of exports of goods and services 2.9% (2024)
Frequently asked questions
- What is research and development expenditure as a proportion of gdp in Landlocked developing countries (LLDCs)?
- Research and development expenditure as a proportion of gdp in Landlocked developing countries (LLDCs) was 0.2% in 2023, according to United Nations Statistics Division, SDG Global Database.
- What is the highest research and development expenditure as a proportion of gdp recorded in Landlocked developing countries (LLDCs)?
- The highest recorded value was 0.2% in 2002.
- What is the lowest research and development expenditure as a proportion of gdp recorded in Landlocked developing countries (LLDCs)?
- The lowest recorded value was 0.2% in 2019.
- How does Landlocked developing countries (LLDCs) rank for research and development expenditure as a proportion of gdp?
- Landlocked developing countries (LLDCs) ranks 10th out of 11 regions with data for 2023.
- Is research and development expenditure as a proportion of gdp rising or falling in Landlocked developing countries (LLDCs)?
- Over the last ten years it is down 14.0%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this Landlocked developing countries (LLDCs) data come from?
- The figures come from United Nations Statistics Division, SDG Global Database, published as part of Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP (%). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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