R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Indirect in OECD
OECD: R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Indirect was 0.155 Percentage of GDP in 2024. ▲ Rising
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Indirect in OECD, 2000–2024
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in Percentage of GDP.
Analysis
The most recent figure for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect in OECD is 0.155 Percentage of GDP, measured in 2024. That is the highest value across all 25 years on record.
That represents a change of up 7.0% on the previous year and up 79.6% over ten years.
Over the whole period, r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect in OECD peaked at 0.155 Percentage of GDP in 2024 and was at its lowest, 0.0386 Percentage of GDP, in 2003.
That places OECD 11th out of 43 countries with data for 2024, putting it in the top quarter.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 25 years of available data.
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Indirect in OECD, year by year
| Year | Percentage of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 0.0423 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2001 | 0.0403 Percentage of GDP | -4.7% |
| 2002 | 0.0389 Percentage of GDP | -3.5% |
| 2003 | 0.0386 Percentage of GDP | -0.8% |
| 2004 | 0.0475 Percentage of GDP | +23.1% |
| 2005 | 0.0522 Percentage of GDP | +9.9% |
| 2006 | 0.0556 Percentage of GDP | +6.5% |
| 2007 | 0.0608 Percentage of GDP | +9.4% |
| 2008 | 0.0631 Percentage of GDP | +3.8% |
| 2009 | 0.0642 Percentage of GDP | +1.7% |
| 2010 | 0.0678 Percentage of GDP | +5.6% |
| 2011 | 0.0703 Percentage of GDP | +3.7% |
| 2012 | 0.0762 Percentage of GDP | +8.4% |
| 2013 | 0.0811 Percentage of GDP | +6.4% |
| 2014 | 0.0863 Percentage of GDP | +6.4% |
| 2015 | 0.0917 Percentage of GDP | +6.3% |
| 2016 | 0.0929 Percentage of GDP | +1.3% |
| 2017 | 0.1046 Percentage of GDP | +12.6% |
| 2018 | 0.1136 Percentage of GDP | +8.6% |
| 2019 | 0.1172 Percentage of GDP | +3.2% |
| 2020 | 0.1177 Percentage of GDP | +0.4% |
| 2021 | 0.1261 Percentage of GDP | +7.1% |
| 2022 | 0.1346 Percentage of GDP | +6.7% |
| 2023 | 0.1448 Percentage of GDP | +7.6% |
| 2024 | 0.155 Percentage of GDP | +7.0% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.0503 Percentage of GDP | 0.0386 Percentage of GDP | 0.0642 Percentage of GDP | 10 |
| 2010s | 0.0902 Percentage of GDP | 0.0678 Percentage of GDP | 0.1172 Percentage of GDP | 10 |
| 2020s | 0.1356 Percentage of GDP | 0.1177 Percentage of GDP | 0.155 Percentage of GDP | 5 |
Countries ranked near OECD
- 8 Japan 0.1652 Percentage of GDP compare
- 9 Lithuania 0.0429 Percentage of GDP compare
- 9 Canada 0.1589 Percentage of GDP compare
- 10 Croatia 0.0012 Percentage of GDP compare
- 10 Australia 0.156 Percentage of GDP compare
- 11 Estonia 0.0009 Percentage of GDP compare
- 12 Latvia 0 Percentage of GDP compare
- 12 Spain 0.1427 Percentage of GDP compare
- 13 Russia 0.1121 Percentage of GDP compare
- 14 Brazil 0.1104 Percentage of GDP compare
More economy & growth data for OECD
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 02 - Annual real GDP 1.86 Percent per annum (2028)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 04 - Annual real GDP 1.62 Percent per annum (2028)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 16 - Public finances 39.87 Percentage of GDP (2028)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 08 - Sectoral breakdown of 14.77 Percentage of GDP (2022)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 17 - Trade by 6.88 million US dollar (2022)
- Environmentally related tax revenue 1.33 Percentage of GDP (2024)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 28 - International trade 50.6 Percentage of merchandise value (2020)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 21 - Investment and 196.21 Percentage of GDP (2019)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 21 - Investment and 60.43 Percentage of GDP (2019)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 21 - Investment and 3.43 Percentage of GDP (2019)
Frequently asked questions
- What is r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect in OECD?
- R&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect in OECD was 0.155 Percentage of GDP in 2024, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- What is the highest r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect recorded in OECD?
- The highest recorded value was 0.155 Percentage of GDP in 2024.
- What is the lowest r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect recorded in OECD?
- The lowest recorded value was 0.0386 Percentage of GDP in 2003.
- How does OECD rank for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect?
- OECD ranks 11th out of 43 countries with data for 2024.
- Is r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect rising or falling in OECD?
- Over the last ten years it is up 79.6%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this OECD data come from?
- The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Indirect government support through R&D tax incentives (GTARD). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.