Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (current US$), per square kilometre by country
Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (current US$) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Countries reporting
188
Highest
440.71 million current US$ per square kilometre
Macau, China
Lowest
0 current US$ per square kilometre
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
Median
369,464 current US$ per square kilometre
Years covered
63
1961–2023
Data points
10,432
What the numbers show
Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (current US$), per square kilometre is currently reported for 188 countries. The highest value is 440.71 million current US$ per square kilometre in Macau, China; the lowest is 0 current US$ per square kilometre in Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of.
The median across all reporting countries is 369,464 current US$ per square kilometre, and the mean is 7.01 million current US$ per square kilometre.
Over the past decade 165 countries rose and 20 fell. The largest increase was in Lao People's Democratic Republic (up 344.9%), and the largest decrease in Libya (down 41.6%).
Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (current US$): full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Macau, China | 440.71 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 32.4% | volatile |
| 2 | Hong Kong, China | 253.93 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 46.3% | volatile |
| 3 | Singapore | 224.36 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 38.1% | volatile |
| 4 | Bermuda | 72.53 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 24.9% | rising |
| 5 | Malta | 32.08 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 66.8% | volatile |
| 6 | Bahrain | 22.44 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 22.3% | volatile |
| 7 | Netherlands | 15.13 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 25.9% | volatile |
| 8 | San Marino | 12.93 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 35.3% | rising |
| 9 | Switzerland | 11.47 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 20.2% | volatile |
| 10 | Israel | 11.47 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 54.0% | volatile |
| 11 | Aruba | 11.38 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 28.2% | rising |
| 12 | Luxembourg | 11.37 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 35.0% | rising |
| 13 | Maldives | 11.37 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 151.1% | rising |
| 14 | Belgium | 11.03 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 20.9% | rising |
| 15 | Puerto Rico | 10.41 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 47.8% | volatile |
| 16 | Korea | 9.44 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 24.4% | volatile |
| 17 | United States Virgin Islands | 9.20 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2022 | up 27.4% | rising |
| 18 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 8.78 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 18.3% | volatile |
| 19 | Guam | 7.67 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2022 | up 29.1% | rising |
| 20 | Germany | 6.86 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 14.7% | volatile |
| 21 | Japan | 6.45 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 22.3% | volatile |
| 22 | Curaçao | 5.02 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2018 | up 3.8% | flat |
| 23 | Mauritius | 4.93 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 9.3% | volatile |
| 24 | Denmark | 4.50 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 7.9% | volatile |
| 25 | Italy | 4.50 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 1.8% | volatile |
| 26 | Qatar | 4.00 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2022 | up 85.4% | volatile |
| 27 | Kuwait | 3.55 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 44.6% | volatile |
| 28 | United Arab Emirates | 3.30 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 79.0% | rising |
| 29 | Austria | 3.24 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 17.6% | volatile |
| 30 | American Samoa | 3.10 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2022 | up 47.9% | rising |
| 31 | France | 3.10 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 8.4% | volatile |
| 32 | Palestine, State of | 3.04 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 54.0% | volatile |
| 33 | Seychelles | 3.02 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 147.4% | volatile |
| 34 | Lebanon | 2.67 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 36.9% | volatile |
| 35 | Bangladesh | 2.31 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 174.9% | volatile |
| 36 | Ireland | 2.26 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 45.8% | volatile |
| 37 | Cyprus | 2.20 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 26.8% | volatile |
| 38 | Czechia | 2.11 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 52.5% | volatile |
| 39 | United States of America | 2.06 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 65.4% | volatile |
| 40 | Portugal | 1.97 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 21.5% | volatile |
| 41 | Spain | 1.80 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 11.8% | volatile |
| 42 | Slovenia | 1.77 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 34.1% | rising |
| 43 | Dominican Republic | 1.70 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 78.9% | volatile |
| 44 | Slovakia | 1.62 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 44.7% | volatile |
| 45 | Northern Mariana Islands | 1.58 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2022 | up 57.8% | rising |
| 46 | Poland | 1.53 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 47.1% | rising |
| 47 | El Salvador | 1.34 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 44.0% | volatile |
| 48 | Greece | 1.30 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 2.7% | volatile |
| 49 | French Polynesia | 1.30 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 10.9% | rising |
| 50 | Faroe Islands | 1.17 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 18.5% | rising |
| 51 | Hungary | 1.15 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 47.1% | rising |
| 52 | Philippines | 1.12 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 63.6% | volatile |
| 53 | Costa Rica | 1.12 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 69.1% | volatile |
| 54 | Marshall Islands | 1.04 million current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 27.5% | rising |
| 55 | Bahamas | 967,173 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 43.4% | volatile |
| 56 | Sri Lanka | 966,764 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 10.0% | volatile |
| 57 | Romania | 929,194 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 83.5% | volatile |
| 58 | Croatia | 865,633 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 33.4% | rising |
| 59 | Guatemala | 850,026 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 100.9% | volatile |
| 60 | Tonga | 819,564 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 41.9% | volatile |
| 61 | Türkiye | 801,207 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 9.3% | volatile |
| 62 | Comoros | 797,388 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 39.3% | volatile |
| 63 | Brunei Darussalam | 790,408 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 50.8% | volatile |
| 64 | China | 770,036 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 105.4% | volatile |
| 65 | Viet Nam | 747,611 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 92.5% | volatile |
| 66 | Malaysia | 736,040 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 44.4% | volatile |
| 67 | Sao Tome and Principe | 726,524 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 133.0% | rising |
| 68 | Lithuania | 719,193 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 58.8% | volatile |
| 69 | Haiti | 701,176 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 37.1% | rising |
| 70 | India | 665,319 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 84.8% | volatile |
| 71 | Sweden | 647,524 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 5.8% | volatile |
| 72 | Mexico | 644,862 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 33.5% | volatile |
| 73 | Serbia | 605,557 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 48.6% | rising |
| 74 | Albania | 599,744 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 66.4% | volatile |
| 75 | Thailand | 579,324 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 34.0% | volatile |
| 76 | Armenia | 569,168 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 67.9% | volatile |
| 77 | New Zealand | 559,474 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 34.4% | volatile |
| 78 | Norway | 548,620 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 10.7% | volatile |
| 79 | Bulgaria | 542,708 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 69.0% | volatile |
| 80 | Panama | 534,799 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 67.3% | volatile |
| 81 | Cuba | 523,555 current US$ per square kilometre | 2020 | up 85.9% | volatile |
| 82 | Estonia | 520,388 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 70.7% | volatile |
| 83 | Finland | 497,875 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 3.7% | volatile |
| 84 | Palau | 486,887 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 32.0% | rising |
| 85 | Azerbaijan | 473,084 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 25.8% | volatile |
| 86 | Cape Verde | 448,663 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 42.8% | rising |
| 87 | Republic of Moldova | 435,202 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 65.1% | volatile |
| 88 | North Macedonia | 430,250 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 39.8% | rising |
| 89 | Montenegro | 426,429 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 59.3% | rising |
| 90 | Kiribati | 402,869 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 80.5% | rising |
| 91 | Latvia | 398,509 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 38.6% | rising |
| 92 | Indonesia | 394,348 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 42.8% | volatile |
| 93 | Rwanda | 387,906 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 58.7% | volatile |
| 94 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 375,689 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 22.2% | rising |
| 95 | Pakistan | 363,238 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 33.2% | volatile |
| 96 | New Caledonia | 330,849 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 6.8% | volatile |
| 97 | Ecuador | 318,712 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 37.6% | volatile |
| 98 | Georgia | 316,546 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 66.1% | volatile |
| 99 | Egypt | 314,052 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 34.2% | volatile |
| 100 | Samoa | 308,179 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 42.7% | rising |
| 101 | Ghana | 301,716 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 43.1% | volatile |
| 102 | Chile | 273,428 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 20.8% | volatile |
| 103 | Honduras | 266,945 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 97.1% | volatile |
| 104 | Iraq | 253,334 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 21.3% | volatile |
| 105 | Saudi Arabia | 247,091 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 123.7% | volatile |
| 106 | Nepal | 246,708 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 89.3% | volatile |
| 107 | Tunisia | 243,333 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 13.9% | volatile |
| 108 | Colombia | 243,089 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 7.7% | volatile |
| 109 | Equatorial Guinea | 237,972 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 17.8% | rising |
| 110 | Uruguay | 220,252 current US$ per square kilometre | 2015 | up 219.7% | volatile |
| 111 | Gambia | 218,481 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 87.9% | volatile |
| 112 | Fiji | 209,276 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 38.2% | volatile |
| 113 | South Africa | 201,851 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 4.4% | volatile |
| 114 | Morocco | 200,039 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 39.4% | volatile |
| 115 | Belarus | 192,577 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 0.9% | volatile |
| 116 | Ukraine | 190,737 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 20.4% | volatile |
| 117 | Côte d'Ivoire | 178,173 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 89.5% | volatile |
| 118 | Uganda | 174,165 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 66.5% | volatile |
| 119 | Jordan | 168,029 current US$ per square kilometre | 2007 | up 188.2% | volatile |
| 120 | Eswatini | 167,860 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 2.9% | rising |
| 121 | Brazil | 164,959 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 9.7% | volatile |
| 122 | Uzbekistan | 156,181 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 20.1% | volatile |
| 123 | Argentina | 155,763 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 17.0% | volatile |
| 124 | Iceland | 153,033 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 81.0% | volatile |
| 125 | Syrian Arab Republic | 147,683 current US$ per square kilometre | 2022 | down 32.2% | volatile |
| 126 | Cambodia | 144,686 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 64.6% | volatile |
| 127 | Kenya | 142,416 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 71.8% | volatile |
| 128 | Canada | 138,823 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 20.4% | volatile |
| 129 | Togo | 134,138 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 52.6% | volatile |
| 130 | Peru | 132,931 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 34.0% | volatile |
| 131 | Oman | 129,566 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 52.5% | volatile |
| 132 | Iran, Islamic Republic of | 122,645 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 14.8% | volatile |
| 133 | Malawi | 120,735 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 68.6% | rising |
| 134 | Djibouti | 119,509 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 132.3% | rising |
| 135 | Nicaragua | 115,773 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 67.2% | rising |
| 136 | Australia | 113,925 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 0.9% | volatile |
| 137 | Senegal | 107,236 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 41.2% | volatile |
| 138 | Benin | 105,765 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 28.5% | volatile |
| 139 | Timor-Leste | 97,973 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 62.2% | rising |
| 140 | Ethiopia | 95,021 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 206.3% | rising |
| 141 | Belize | 85,206 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 50.6% | volatile |
| 142 | Tajikistan | 79,029 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 12.3% | volatile |
| 143 | Vanuatu | 78,556 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 60.1% | volatile |
| 144 | Sierra Leone | 78,357 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 21.3% | volatile |
| 145 | Zimbabwe | 77,952 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 81.4% | volatile |
| 146 | Burundi | 77,344 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 9.1% | volatile |
| 147 | Cameroon | 76,064 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 49.1% | volatile |
| 148 | Paraguay | 71,797 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 18.3% | volatile |
| 149 | Kyrgyzstan | 69,864 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 88.0% | volatile |
| 150 | Lesotho | 64,784 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 0.7% | volatile |
| 151 | Guinea | 64,424 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 122.0% | volatile |
| 152 | Russian Federation | 62,141 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 16.5% | volatile |
| 153 | Guinea-Bissau | 53,476 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 71.1% | volatile |
| 154 | Yemen | 50,498 current US$ per square kilometre | 2018 | up 29.3% | volatile |
| 155 | Kazakhstan | 50,118 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 14.6% | volatile |
| 156 | Angola | 50,108 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 14.4% | rising |
| 157 | Tanzania, United Republic of | 48,285 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 40.0% | volatile |
| 158 | Burkina Faso | 47,096 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 34.0% | volatile |
| 159 | Bhutan | 46,891 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 143.2% | volatile |
| 160 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 45,293 current US$ per square kilometre | 2016 | up 344.9% | volatile |
| 161 | Algeria | 42,300 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 27.4% | volatile |
| 162 | Solomon Islands | 41,458 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 46.0% | rising |
| 163 | Bolivia, Plurinational State of | 33,321 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 95.6% | volatile |
| 164 | Gabon | 25,944 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 17.7% | volatile |
| 165 | Afghanistan | 25,791 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | — | volatile |
| 166 | Somalia | 22,441 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 120.0% | volatile |
| 167 | Mozambique | 20,773 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 28.6% | volatile |
| 168 | Madagascar | 19,960 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 20.4% | volatile |
| 169 | Congo | 19,789 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 44.7% | volatile |
| 170 | Zambia | 17,475 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 1.9% | falling |
| 171 | Sudan | 17,228 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 7.7% | falling |
| 172 | Eritrea | 16,742 current US$ per square kilometre | 2011 | up 209.8% | rising |
| 173 | Congo, Democratic Republic of the | 15,918 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 66.9% | volatile |
| 174 | Mali | 14,929 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 56.3% | volatile |
| 175 | Botswana | 14,537 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 24.0% | volatile |
| 176 | Turkmenistan | 11,283 current US$ per square kilometre | 2012 | up 160.0% | volatile |
| 177 | Namibia | 11,154 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 16.6% | volatile |
| 178 | Suriname | 9,776 current US$ per square kilometre | 2010 | — | rising |
| 179 | Niger | 9,597 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 76.6% | volatile |
| 180 | Chad | 8,743 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 10.2% | volatile |
| 181 | Libya | 8,310 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 41.6% | rising |
| 182 | Mongolia | 5,806 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 28.8% | volatile |
| 183 | Mauritania | 5,633 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 54.2% | volatile |
| 184 | Papua New Guinea | 4,461 current US$ per square kilometre | 2004 | down 20.6% | volatile |
| 185 | Central African Republic | 3,994 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 76.0% | volatile |
| 186 | Guyana | 3,076 current US$ per square kilometre | 2005 | up 55.4% | rising |
| 187 | Greenland | 2,641 current US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 5.1% | rising |
| 188 | Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 0 current US$ per square kilometre | 2011 | — | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Euro area 2.98 million current US$ per square kilometre
- European Union 2.47 million current US$ per square kilometre
- Post-demographic dividend 1.18 million current US$ per square kilometre
- Central Europe and the Baltics 1.14 million current US$ per square kilometre
- North America 1.12 million current US$ per square kilometre
- OECD members 1.11 million current US$ per square kilometre
- High income 783,009 current US$ per square kilometre
- South Asia 710,654 current US$ per square kilometre
- South Asia (IDA & IBRD) 710,654 current US$ per square kilometre
- East Asia & Pacific 586,157 current US$ per square kilometre
- East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries) 579,384 current US$ per square kilometre
- East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) 575,746 current US$ per square kilometre
- Europe & Central Asia 542,542 current US$ per square kilometre
- World 465,124 current US$ per square kilometre
- Other small states 387,368 current US$ per square kilometre
- Upper middle income 335,871 current US$ per square kilometre
- Middle income 306,137 current US$ per square kilometre
- Late-demographic dividend 294,229 current US$ per square kilometre
- IBRD only 278,368 current US$ per square kilometre
- Early-demographic dividend 273,002 current US$ per square kilometre
- Low & middle income 254,049 current US$ per square kilometre
- Lower middle income 246,898 current US$ per square kilometre
- Latin America & Caribbean 235,916 current US$ per square kilometre
- IDA & IBRD total 227,908 current US$ per square kilometre
- Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries) 227,247 current US$ per square kilometre
- Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) 225,421 current US$ per square kilometre
- Small states 219,295 current US$ per square kilometre
- Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) 207,736 current US$ per square kilometre
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 195,725 current US$ per square kilometre
- Arab World 136,089 current US$ per square kilometre
- Pacific island small states 135,258 current US$ per square kilometre
- Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries) 131,986 current US$ per square kilometre
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income) 127,884 current US$ per square kilometre
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (IDA & IBRD) 126,122 current US$ per square kilometre
- IDA total 97,187 current US$ per square kilometre
- Sub-Saharan Africa 66,223 current US$ per square kilometre
- Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries) 66,223 current US$ per square kilometre
- Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) 66,163 current US$ per square kilometre
- IDA only 61,292 current US$ per square kilometre
- Africa Eastern and Southern 53,560 current US$ per square kilometre
How this figure is calculated
Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (current US$) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (current US$) ÷ Land area (sq. km)
Computed from
- Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure Country official statistics, National Statistical Offices (NSOs)
- Land area FAOSTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (current US$) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.